4.4 Manufacturing Processes

Examples of Additive techniques

Examples of Additive techniques

Paper-based rapid prototyping

Laminated object manufacture (LOM)

Stereolithography

Paper-based rapid prototyping

Layers of paper cut and glued together to create a 3D shape. Low-fidelity.

Laminated object manufacture (LOM)

3D printing technique that involves the layer-by-layer construction of objects using sheets of material, typically paper, plastic film, or metal foil

Stereolithography

Solidification of powder using 3D printing

Examples of subtractive techniques

Cutting (Laser, Saws, Chiseling, Drilling)

Machining (Router or Milling machine)

Turning (Metal or Wood Lathe)

Abrading (Sanding, Filing, Grinding)

Examples of shaping techniques

Moulding

Thermoforming

Laminating

Knitting

Weaving

Moulding

Injection moulding, extrusion

Thermoforming

Heating plastics and vacuum forming, or using a strip heater to heat and bend acrylic

Laminating

Flexi-plywood by gluing layers together over a former/shaped mould

Casting

Sand casting, Die casting- usually solid to liquid then cooled

Examples of Joining techniques

Permanent

Temporary

Adhering- Gluing

Fusing (welding)

Permanent

Methods used to permanently bond or join materials together, creating a strong and lasting connection.

e.g. Welding, Brazing, Soldering (joining metals by melting a filler metal), Pop riveting

Adhering- Gluing

once formed, cannot easily be separated

Fusing (welding)

Permanent process involving the heating of the surfaces such as metals and plastics. This process isn’t recommended when considering design for disassembly

Temporary

(non-permanent fastening)

Fastening or joining materials mechanically through the use of screws, rivets, bolts, pins, clips, nails, press studs and snaps.

Adv and Disadvantages of permanent vs temporary

Temporary:

ease for disassembly at the expense of permanent damage to the materials used eg. installing screws

Adjustability: Temporary joining methods offer flexibility in terms of adjustment and alignment of the joined parts.

Permanent:

Strength and durability: Permanent joining techniques, such as welding or adhesive bonding, can create strong and durable connections between materials.

Seamless appearance

Load distribution: Permanent joining techniques distribute the load across the entire joint, minimizing stress concentration.