Chemistry: Electrolytes, Reactions, and Gas Laws

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to electrolyte solutions, acid-base reactions, redox reactions, and gas laws, helping to prepare for the exam.

Electrolytes

Substances that dissociate into ions in solution and conduct electricity.

Non-electrolytes

Substances that do not dissociate into ions and do not conduct electricity in solution.

Water of Hydration

Water molecules that are associated with a substance, often in a crystal structure.

Precipitation Reactions

Reactions that result in the formation of an insoluble product, known as a precipitate.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Bronsted Acids

Proton donors in an acid-base reaction.

Bronsted Bases

Proton acceptors in an acid-base reaction.

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (Redox)

Reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between two species.

Oxidizing Agent

A substance that gains electrons and is reduced in a redox reaction.

Reducing Agent

A substance that loses electrons and is oxidized in a redox reaction.

Ideal Gas Law

The equation of state for an ideal gas, PV = nRT, relating pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.

Boyle’s Law

States that pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related at constant temperature.

Charles’ Law

States that volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.

Gas Stoichiometry

The calculation of the amounts of reactants and products in gas phase reactions.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of particle motion.

Gas Diffusion

The spreading of gas molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Gas Effusion

The process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening.