Chapters 6-9 Key Terms APUSH

Acadians

Descendants of French colonists in Acadia expelled by the British in 1755.

French and Indian War

North American conflict (1754–1763) between Britain and France with Native allies.

Seven Years' War

Global war (1756–1763) involving most major powers.

Albany Congress

1754 meeting of colonial delegates in New York.

regulars

Trained professional soldiers in the British army.

Québec, Battle of

1759 decisive British victory over French forces.

Pontiac's War

1763 Native American uprising against British forts in the Great Lakes region.

Proclamation of 1763

British order forbidding colonial settlement west of Appalachians.

republicanism

Political theory emphasizing civic virtue and consent of the governed.

radical Whigs

British political commentators who warned against corruption and tyranny.

mercantilism

Economic system where colonies serve mother country’s wealth.

Sugar Act

1764 tax on imported sugar.

Quartering Act

1765 law requiring colonies to house British troops.

stamp tax

1765 tax on printed materials.

admiralty courts

British courts without juries handling smuggling cases.

Stamp Act Congress

1765 meeting of nine colonies protesting Stamp Act.

nonimportation agreements

Boycotts of British goods.

Sons of Liberty

Patriot groups enforcing boycotts and intimidating officials.

Daughters of Liberty

Women supporting boycotts by producing homemade goods.

Declaratory Act

1766 law asserting Parliament’s authority over colonies.

Townshend Acts

1767 duties on imports like glass, paint, tea.

Boston Massacre

1770 clash where British soldiers killed five colonists.

committees of correspondence

Colonial networks sharing information and resistance strategies.

Boston Tea Party

1773 protest where colonists dumped British tea.

"Intolerable Acts"

1774 punitive laws against Massachusetts.

Quebec Act

1774 law extending Quebec’s boundaries and tolerating Catholicism.

First Continental Congress

1774 meeting of colonial delegates.

The Association

Continental Congress’s call for a complete boycott of British goods.

Lexington and Concord, Battles of

April 1775 first battles of the Revolution.

Valley Forge

1777–78 winter camp of Washington’s army.

camp followers

Women who accompanied Continental Army to cook, nurse, etc.

William Pitt

British statesman who led Britain to victory in Seven Years’ War.

Pontiac

Native leader who led 1763 resistance against British.

John Hancock

Patriot leader and wealthy smuggler.

George Grenville

British prime minister who passed Sugar and Stamp Acts.

Charles Townshend

British official who sponsored Townshend Acts.

Crispus Attucks

Free Black man killed in Boston Massacre.

George III

British king during Revolution.

Lord North

British prime minister during Revolution.

Samuel Adams

Radical Patriot and organizer.

Thomas Hutchinson

British governor of Massachusetts.

Marquis de Lafayette

French noble who aided Revolution.

Baron von Steuben

Prussian officer who trained Continental Army.

Lord Dunmore

British governor of Virginia.

Second Continental Congress

1775 assembly managing war effort.

Bunker Hill, Battle of

1775 costly British victory.

Olive Branch Petition

1775 colonial offer of peace to Britain.

Hessians

German mercenaries hired by Britain.

Common Sense

1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine.

Declaration of Independence

1776 document declaring U.S. independence.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

1789 French revolutionary document.

Loyalists

Colonists loyal to Britain.

Patriots

Colonists supporting independence.

Long Island, Battle of

1776 British victory forcing Washington’s retreat.

Trenton, Battle of

1776 surprise American victory after crossing Delaware.

Saratoga, Battle of

1777 American victory over Burgoyne.

Model Treaty

1776 diplomatic guidelines for U.S. foreign relations.

Fort Stanwix, Treaty of

1784 treaty with Iroquois.

privateers

Privately owned ships authorized to attack enemy shipping.

Yorktown, Battle of

1781 decisive American victory with French aid.

Paris, Treaty of

1783 treaty ending Revolutionary War.

Ethan Allen

Patriot leader capturing Fort Ticonderoga.

Benedict Arnold

American general turned traitor.

Richard Montgomery

American general killed in failed Canada invasion.

Thomas Paine

Author of Common Sense and The Crisis.

Abigail Adams

Wife of John Adams.

Richard Henry Lee

Virginia statesman.

Lord Charles Cornwallis

British general defeated at Yorktown.

William Howe

British general who captured New York and Philadelphia.

John Burgoyne

British general defeated at Saratoga.

Benjamin Franklin

American diplomat, inventor, and statesman.

Comte de Rochambeau

French general aiding Washington.

Nathanael Greene

American general in the South.

Joseph Brant

Mohawk leader who sided with Britain.

George Rogers Clark

Frontiersman who captured British forts in the West.

Admiral de Grasse

French admiral who blockaded Yorktown.

Articles of Confederation

First U.S. constitution (1781).

Old Northwest

Territory north of Ohio River.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Law dividing western lands into townships.

Northwest Ordinance 1787

Provided process for territories to become states.

Shays's Rebellion

1786–87 uprising of farmers in Massachusetts.

Virginia Plan

Proposal for representation based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Proposal for equal state representation.

Great Compromise

Agreement creating bicameral Congress.

common law

System based on precedent and tradition.

civil law

System based on written codes.

Daniel Shays

Leader of Shays’s Rebellion.

three-fifths compromise

Agreement counting enslaved people as 3/5 for representation.

Electoral College

System for electing president indirectly.

antifederalists

Opponents of Constitution.

federalists

Supporters of Constitution.

The Federalist

Essays by Hamilton, Madison, Jay supporting Constitution.

Society of the Cincinnati

Hereditary military order of Revolutionary officers.

disestablish

Ending state-supported churches.

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

1786 law by Jefferson.

civic virtue

Citizen willingness to sacrifice for common good.

republican motherhood

Belief women should teach republican values to children.

Patrick Henry

Leading antifederalist.

Bill of Rights

First ten amendments to Constitution.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Created federal court system.