Criminology Concepts Fast-Tracking

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the fundamental concepts, theories, classifications, and methodologies of criminology based on the lecture transcript.

Criminology (Etymology)

Derived from the Latin word "crimen" meaning "accusation" and the Greek word "Logia" which means "to study".

Rafaelle Garofalo

An Italian professor who coined the term "criminologia" in $1885$.

Paul Topinard

A French Anthropologist who first used the term "criminologie" in $1889$.

Edwin Sutherland

A noted American criminologist who defined criminology as a body of knowledge regarding delinquency and crime as a social phenomenon, including the making, breaking, and reaction toward the breaking of laws.

Republic Act No. $11131$

The Philippine Criminology Profession Act of $2018$, which repealed Republic Act No. $6506$.

Applied Science

A characteristic of criminology referring to the application of science in the study of crimes and criminals.

Social Science

A characteristic of criminology that focuses on the study of society and human behavior.

Dynamic

A nature of criminology stating that it changes as social conditions change.

Nationalistic

A characteristic of criminology implying that the study of crimes must be in relation to the laws and culture of a specific country.

Criminal Demography

The study of the relationship between criminality and population.

Criminal Epidemiology

An emerging paradigm exploring public health outcomes associated with engagement in crime and criminal justice.

Criminal Ecology

The study of criminality in relation to the spatial distribution in a community.

Criminal Physical Anthropology

The study of criminality in relation to the physical constitution of men.

Victimology

The study of the role of the victim in the commission of a crime.

Crime

A generic term referring to a violation of a law forbidding or commanding it.

Felony

An act or omission punishable by law committed by means of dolo (deceit) or culpa (fault) under the Revised Penal Code.

Offense

An act or omission in violation of a special law enacted by Congress.

Delinquency

Criminal behavior, especially that carried out by a juvenile between the ages of $15$ to $18$.

Deviance

Any violation of society's norms, often connoting odd or unacceptable behavior.

Consensus View

The view of crime which holds that the law defines crime, and laws apply to all citizens equally.

Conflict View

The view that the law is a tool of the ruling class used to control the underclass, and crime is a politically defined concept.

Interactionist View

The view that moral entrepreneurs define crimes and that criminal labels are life-transforming events.

Dolo (Deceit)

A manner of committing a crime with deliberate intent, characterized by freedom, intelligence, and intent.

Culpa (Fault)

Felonies committed where the act is not malicious and the injury is unintentional, resulting from lack of foresight, negligence, or lack of skill.

Attempted Felony

When the offender commences the commission of a felony but does not perform all acts of execution due to some cause other than spontaneous desistance.

Frustrated Felony

When the offender performs all acts of execution which would produce the felony but the crime is not produced due to causes independent of the perpetrator's will.

Consummated Felony

When all elements necessary for the accomplishment and execution of the crime are present.

Mala in se

Acts that are inherently evil, such as murder or robbery.

Mala prohibita

Acts that are prohibited only because there are laws forbidding them, such as traffic violations.

Acquisitive Crime

A crime where the offender gains something, such as robbery or bribery.

Extinctive Crime

A crime that results in destruction, damage, or death, such as arson or murder.

Seasonal Crimes

Crimes that happen only during a particular period of the year, such as election law violations.

Episoidal Crimes

Crimes committed through a series of acts or episodes over a long time, such as kidnapping.

White-collar Crimes

Financially motivated, nonviolent crimes committed by businessmen and government officials.

Blue-collar Crimes

Crimes committed by someone from the working class or lower class of society.

Red-collar Crimes

White-collar crimes that turn violent, using murder as a method of concealment.

Recidivist

An offender who, at the time of trial, has been previously convicted by final judgment of another crime embraced in the same title of the Revised Penal Code.

Habitual Delinquent

An offender who, within $10$ years from release or last conviction of specific crimes, is found guilty a third time or more.

Serial Killer

A murderer who kills $3$ or more persons in $3$ or more separate events.

Spree Killer

A murderer who commits $2$ or more murders in a short time, often in multiple locations with almost no time break.

Demonological Theory

A pre-classical theory asserting that crime is caused by spirits, demons, or evil.

Classical School

A school of thought based on free-will and the pleasure-pain principle, suggesting punishment should fit the crime.

Positivist School

A school of thought using scientific methods, suggesting punishment should fit the criminal through rehabilitation.

Cesare Lombroso

The Father of scientific and empirical criminology who proposed the theory of the born criminal and criminal atavism.

Rational Choice Theory

The theory that a person engages in criminal behavior after weighing the consequences and benefits.

Broken Windows Theory

Proposed by Wilson and Kelling, it suggests that signs of disorder leads to more disorder.

Somatotyping Theory

The study of body physique, categorized by Kretchmer and Sheldon into types like Ectomorph, Endomorph, and Mesomorph.

Phrenology

The study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties.

Hypoglycemia

A condition where blood glucose falls below levels necessary for brain functioning, linked to crime and aggression.

Stockholm Syndrome

A phenomenon where hostages express positive feelings and adulation toward their captors.

IMRaD

The research paper structure consisting of Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.