Energy Requirement in Humans

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Nutrition

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35 Terms

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Muscular activity
________ provides the greatest variation in the total energy expenditure (TEE)
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energy content of food
The ________ is calculated from the heat released by the today combustion of food in a calorimeter.
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Carbohydrates
________= 45 %- 65 % of their total carbohydrates.
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Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain an energy balance in a healthy adult of a defined age, gender, and height whose weight and level of physical activity are consistent with good health
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Energy balance
the calories consumed are equal to the energy expended
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To maintain weight sedentary adults require
\~30 kcal/Kg/day
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To maintain weight moderately active adults require
\~35 kcal/Kg/day
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To maintain weight very active adults require
\~40 kcal/Kg/day
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The number of kcal expended by these processes in 24-hour period
total energy expenditure (TEE)
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60%
75% of the TEE in sedentary individuals is attributable to the REE
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men (70kg)
1800 kcal
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women (50kg)
1300 kcal
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RMR increased in
children, males, cold climate, fever, and thyrotoxicosis
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RMR decreased in
females, starvation, sleep, and hypothyroidism
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a lightly active person may require -30%
50% more calories than the RMR
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Infants (up to 2 months) caloric requirements
120 cal/kg/day
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During pregnancy caloric needs increase by
300 - 400 cal/day
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During lactation caloric needs increase by
500 - 700 cal/day
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carbohydrates = 45%
65% of their total carbohydrates
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protein = 10%
35%
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fat = 20%
35%
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Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
The energy expended by an individual in a resting, postabsorptive state in a thermo neutral environment.
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respiratory quotient (RQ) of **carbohydrate**
1
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respiratory quotient (RQ) of **protein**
0\.84
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respiratory quotient (RQ) of **fat**
0\.71
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Thermic Effect of Food (Specific Dynamic Action (SDA))
The extra heat produced over and above the caloric value of food.
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Children (6 months - 1 year) caloric requirements:
100 cal/kg/day
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Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)
A range of intakes for a particular macronutrient that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate amount of essential nutrients.
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AMDR for adults from carbohydrates
45% - 65% of their total calories
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AMDR for adults from protein
10% - 35% of their total calories
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AMDR for adults from fat
20% - 35% of their total calories
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SDA of carbohydrates
6%
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SDA of protein
30%
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SDA of fat
4%
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SDA of mixed balance diet
10%