Hydraulics

formulas

1 mile in meters

1.609 m

1 meter in feet

3.281 ft

ρ, mass density

M/vol , γ/g , s.g.ρ_water

γ, unit weight

W/vol , ρg , s.g.γ_water

V_s, specific volume

1/ρ , g/γ

s.g., specific gravity

ρ_liquid/ρ_{water ,} γ_liquid/γ_water

h, capillary rise/depression

4σcosθ/γd

ρ of water in SI units

1000 kg/m³

ρ of water in english units

1.94 slugs/ft³

γ of water in SI units

9.81 kN/m³

γ of water in english units

62.4 lb/ft³

s.g. of water

1

s.g. of mercury

13.6

ρ of air in SI

1.29 kg/m³

ρ of mercury in SI

13,600 kg/m³

1 slug in kg

14.594 kg

τ, shear stress

μdv/dy

μ, viscosity

τ/(dv/dy) , 𝒱ρ

T, torque (viscometer)

μ4π²R³nL/y*60

σ, surface tension

Pd/4

K, bulk modulus of elasticity

-dP/(dV/V)

β, compressibility

1/K

c, velocity or celerity of pressure wave

√(K/ρ) , √(1/βρ)

boyle’s law

P₁V₁=P₂V₂

charle’s law

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

pressure law

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

dalton’s law of partial pressure

P_T = ΣP

combined gas laws

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

ideal gas law

PV=mRT

STP, standard temperature and atmospheric pressure

0°C / 273K and 101.325 kPa