Forearm and Elbow Anatomy and X-ray Positioning

These flashcards cover key concepts, anatomy, and positioning techniques related to forearm and elbow radiography.

What are the two bones that lie parallel in the forearm?

Radius and Ulna.

Where is the radius located in relation to the ulna in the forearm?

The radius is on the lateral side, and the ulna is on the medial side.

What is the proximal end of the radius called that is flat and disk-like?

Radial Head.

What joint is formed between the radius, its articular disc, and three proximal carpal bones?

Radiocarpal joint.

What type of joint is the distal and proximal radioulnar joints?

Synovial Pivot joints.

What movement results from the combined action of the distal and proximal radioulnar articulations?

Supination and pronation of the forearm.

What are the three components of the elbow joint?

Elbow joint proper, proximal radioulnar joint, and humeroulnar joint.

What is the significance of the 'sail sign'?

It indicates a posterior fat pad visualized on the lateral projection, often associated with elbow injury.

What is the correct position of the epicondyles when taking an AP elbow X-ray?

They should be parallel to the IR.

What does the term 'collimation' refer to in radiographic procedures?

It refers to the process of limiting the X-ray beam to the area of interest.

In the lateral forearm position, how should the thumb be oriented?

The thumb should be up (lateromedial projection).

What should be ensured when imaging an elbow in a true lateral position?

The humeral epicondyles must be perpendicular to the IR.

What does 'soft tissue and bony trabeculae' refer to in the criteria for evaluating radiographs?

It refers to the visibility and detail of the surrounding soft tissue and bone structures in the image.

What is the anatomy of the distal humerus that is essential for imaging?

Medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa.

What does a 'partial flexion position' imply in elbow X-ray imaging?

It is used when the patient cannot completely extend the elbow joint.

What should be done if the elbow cannot be fully extended for an AP projection?

Image the distal humerus and proximal forearm separately.

What key structures should be visualized in an optimal lateral elbow projection?

Superimposition of the radius and ulna at the distal end, with the radial tuberosity facing anteriorly.

What is the criteria for the AP elbow regarding rotation?

Entire elbow with no rotation and slight superimposition of radial head, neck, and tuberosity over the proximal ulna.