r.m 4-5

Currency

refers to how recent the information is

Relevance

Determine whether the information directly relates to your research problem.

Authority

refers to the qualifications of the author or organization.

Accuracy

refers to the correctness and reliability of the information.

Purpose

examines why the information was created.

synthesizes

A strong literature review does more than summarize, but it __ information from multiple sources

Synthesis

is the process of combining ideas, findings, and evidence from multiple sources to create a unified understanding of a research topic.

Research Gaps

is an area that has not been sufficiently studied or explained in previous research

Population Gap

A lack of research involving a specific group of people that has not been sufficiently studied. WHO is missing?

Geographic Gap

A lack of research conducted in a specific location. WHERE is missing?

Methodological Gap

A lack of research using a certain research method, approach, or technique that could provide different or better results. HOW is missing?

Conceptual Gap

A lack of research about a specific concept, idea, variable, or relationship between concepts

Time Gap

A lack of recent or updated research because existing studies are old or no longer reflect current conditions. WHEN is missing?

Research Questions

identify the specific information the researcher seeks to answer.

General Research Question

states the

overall purpose of the study.

Specific Research Questions

divide the general problem into measurable components.

Hypothesis

is a tentative statement

predicting the relationship between

variables

Null Hypothesis (H₀)

States that there is no significant relationship or difference. Example: There is no significant relationship between study habits and academic performance.

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁)

States that a significant relationship or

difference exists.

Example:

There is a significant relationship between

study habits and academic performance

Limitation

highlight potential weaknesses

in the resulting conclusions.

Example:

sample size, measurement tools, and time

constraints

Delimitation

are boundaries intentionally

set by the researcher to narrow a study’s

scope.

Example:

often address population, geography, or

variables