sociology unit 1

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33 Terms

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sociology
study of the evolution, development, and functioning of human society
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positivism
the belief that you can understand the world through science
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social darwinism
The idea that certain people in human society worked harder, adapted better and deserved to be more successful than others.
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social facts
the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life (social norms)
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anomie
If you lose social values you lose control
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theory
A proposed relationship between two or more concepts
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functionalist perspectives
views society as a stable & orderly system
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manifest functions
function that is planned and intentional
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latent functions
function that is unintentional and unrecognized
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conflict perspectives
society is a continuous power struggle
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macro-level analysis
large scale patterns of society
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micro-level analysis
small scale patterns of society
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symbolic internationalism
society is created to maintain meaningful INTERACTIONS
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post-modern perspectives
20th century & on issues
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quantitative research
info that appears as numbers and data
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qualitative research
info that appears as discriptive words
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hypothesis
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
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variable
a factor that can change
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reliability
consistency of measurement
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research method
a systematic plan for doing research
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independent variable
variable that is manipulated
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dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
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validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
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survey
collects data through interview/questionare
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interview
collects data through asking a series of questions
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secondary analysis
the analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers
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content analysis
researchers try to codify a written deice of work
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participant observation
a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities
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ethnography
the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.
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experiment
type of research to see how people behave in certain situations/respond to things
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experimental group
the group under study in an investigation
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control group
the group which is held constant
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correlation
when there's a dependent between two variables