sociology unit 1

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sociology

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33 Terms

sociology

study of the evolution, development, and functioning of human society

positivism

the belief that you can understand the world through science

social darwinism

The idea that certain people in human society worked harder, adapted better and deserved to be more successful than others.

social facts

the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life (social norms)

anomie

If you lose social values you lose control

theory

A proposed relationship between two or more concepts

functionalist perspectives

views society as a stable & orderly system

manifest functions

function that is planned and intentional

latent functions

function that is unintentional and unrecognized

conflict perspectives

society is a continuous power struggle

macro-level analysis

large scale patterns of society

micro-level analysis

small scale patterns of society

symbolic internationalism

society is created to maintain meaningful INTERACTIONS

post-modern perspectives

20th century & on issues

quantitative research

info that appears as numbers and data

qualitative research

info that appears as discriptive words

hypothesis

a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

variable

a factor that can change

reliability

consistency of measurement

research method

a systematic plan for doing research

independent variable

variable that is manipulated

dependent variable

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

survey

collects data through interview/questionare

interview

collects data through asking a series of questions

secondary analysis

the analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers

content analysis

researchers try to codify a written deice of work

participant observation

a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities

ethnography

the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.

experiment

type of research to see how people behave in certain situations/respond to things

experimental group

the group under study in an investigation

control group

the group which is held constant

correlation

when there's a dependent between two variables