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what is a joint/articulation?
place of contact between bones, between cartilage and bones, or between bones and teeth.
True or False: Joints have to have movement.
False - joints do not have to have movement
What are joint names usually derived from?
the names of the articulating bones/structures
How are joint mobility and stability related?
Inversely - if a joint is very mobile it is unstable if a joint is very stable it is not mobile
How are joints classified?
based on structure and function.
What is the name for immovable joints?
synarthrosis
What is the name for slightly movable joints?
amphiarthrosis
What is the name for freely movable joints?
diarthrosis
What are fibrous joints?
bones united by fibrous tissue (3 types)
What are cartilaginous joints?
two bones tightly connected by cartilage (2 types)
What are synovial joints?
freely moving joints filled with synovial fluid. ALWAYS DIARTHROTIC (6 types)
What are the characteristics of Fibrous joints?
Immovable or slightly movable, no joint cavity, 3 types of joints.
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
What is a suture fibrous joint?
thin layer of dense fibrous material binding bones of the skull, allows for strength and prevents fractures
What is a gomphosis fibrous joint?
attachment between teeth and bone only found in the mandible and the maxilla.
what is a syndesmosis fibrous joint?
Interosseous membrane. Fibrous tissue between two long bones. Ex. Between radius and ulna and between the tibia and fibula.
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
synchondroses and symphyses
What are synchondroses cartilaginous joints?
bones joined by hyaline cartilage on growth plates. Synarthroses or Amphiarthroses.
What are symphyses cartilaginous joints?
Bones united by fibrocartilage, a cartilaginous pad, amphiarthroses, ex. vertebral disk and between pubic bones.
What are the basic features of synovial joints?
articular capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bones.
what is the function of the articular capsule in synovial joints?
contain joint capsule and synovial membrane.
what is the function of the synovial membrane in synovial joints?
secrete synovial fluid, very slippery, allows joints to move with ease.
what is the function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?
found on the ends of bones, part of bone that articulates with other pieces of bones.
what are the functions of tendons in synovial joints?
cross joints with muscles to produce movement.
How are the types of synovial joints classified?
shapes of articulating surfaces
What are the three types of movement for a synovial joint?
uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial.
what is uniaxial movement?
movement in one plane
what is biaxial movement?
movement in two planes
what is multiaxial movement?
movement in more than two planes.
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket
What is the least movable synovial joint type?
Planar Joint
What is the most movable synovial joint type?
Ball & Socket
What are planar synovial joints?
gliding joints - flat surfaces gliding over each other, back and forth and sideways.
what are saddle synovial joints?
where the end of each bone is convex and concave. Bone ends meet and right angles. Can rotate and little, move sideways and back and forth. ex. thumb
what are condyloid synovial joints?
convex on concave joints, biaxial, oval end of one bone fits into the oval cup of another. Ex. Wrist
what are hinge synovial joints?
convex on concave joints that move in ONE plane. ex. elbow and knee.
what are pivot synovial joints?
bony rings rotate around the axis of another bone. movement in one plane. ex. neck-head
what are ball & socket synovial joints?
convex on cave, MULTIAXIAL, ball-shaped end of bone into a cup-shaped cavity of another, allos for movement in all directions. ex. shoulder and hip.
what are the locations of synovial joints?
vertebral facets, glenohumeral joints, AC joint, Elbow, wrist, inter-carpal, hip, knee, ankle, inter-tarsal, interphalangeal, SI joint.
what is the purpose of bursa at joints?
cut down on friction.
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