Biological Classification

Categories to organize every discovery organism.

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Domain: Divides life-forms into three categories. All organisms fall under these three groups

Highest rank

Eukarya

Bacteria

Archaea

2 Kingdom: Divided into six groups. What are they

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi,( Plantae and Animalia) Latin names

Archaebacteria

From the Archaea Domain

Single-celled organisms

Live in extreme environments: hot, toxic, acidic, or salty

Eubacteria

Form the Bacteria domain

Single-celled organisms

Live everywhere that Archaebacteria don’t

Protista

From the Eukarya domain

Single-celled or multicellular organisms

Can be similar to fungi, Plantae or Animalia kingdoms in behavior and structure

Fungi

From the Eukarya Domain

Single-celled or multicellular Organisms

Are decomposers

Mainly live in soil

Plantae

Also Know as the Plant kingdom

From the Eukarya domain

Multicellular organisms

Animalia

Form the Eukarya domain

Multicellular organisms

Breathe oxygen during the process of metabolism

Phylum: Organisms in different phyla (plural of phylum) have different traits form one another. There are many phyla. These Phyla are divided into two categories.

Vertebrates- have a backbone (for protection and mobility); make up 3% of all phyla in the Animalia kingdom Ex: mammals, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles.

Invertebrates-have no backbone; make up 97% of all phyla in the Animalia Kingdom. Ex: Arthropods (lobster, crabs, insects, spiders), Mollusks, worms.

Because vertebrates have so few organisms in comparison to invertebrates, they have their own phylum. All Chordates (organisms in the Chordata group have these features at some point in their lives.

Pharyngeal slits- Opening that connect the inside of the throat to the outside, the neck; sometimes develop into gills.

Dorsal Nerve cord- runs down the back of the animal, connecting the brain with muscles and other organs.

Notochord- A rod running beneath the nerve cord and supporting it.

Post-anal tail- A section of the body that extends beyond the anus. Used for movement.

Class- Organisms classified as chordata are separated further into groups, called Classes. There are seven classes in all.

Three fish classes: Agnatha (jawless), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous), and Osteichthyes (bony); and Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves-(birds) Mammalia. “Even though these organisms are of various classes, they are related because they they are all vertebrates.

Order- are different groups of animals in each class.

Family- is the subgroup of order.

Ex: primates are an order within the mammalian class. K9s are an order within the Mammalian Class

EX: there are 16 family’s within the primates group one of the Primate Families is the HOMINIDAE, Also know as the “great apes” All members of the Hominidae family can recognize themselves in mirrors.

Genus- There are four genera (plural of genus) in the HOMINIDAE family

Homo- humans

Pongo- Orangutans

Gorilla (genus name is Gorilla)

Pan- Chimpanzees and bonobos

The Homo genus is composed of organisms that walk primarily on two legs, can make tools to solve problems primarily on two legs, can make tools to solve problems, and have well-developed opposable thumbs “ can touch the other fingers giving the ability to grip objects. Homo comes form the Latin word homo is, which means Human Being Only humans exist in this genus.

Species The smallest and most specific unit of classification is the Species. They are groups of organisms with similar characteristics that are able to reproduce only with one another. EX: humans

LOOK AT THE IMAGE

Binomial Nomenclature- Biologists use Carolus Linnaeus’s system of classifications when referring to an organism. His system, which entails naming species using two terms, is called Binomial Nomenclature.

This just means a name with two terms The first word defines the GENUS, which is the smallest group of similar species, and the second word defines the species itself. Binomial nomenclature is like a first and last name- one is more specific than the other. Binomial= Bi-two Latin word Nokia=Term. Nomenclature Nomen=name Clatura=Calling.

EX: Humans- Homo Sapiens ‘

Dogs- Canis Familiaris

Cats- Felix Catus