U.S. Foreign Policy Final

Containment

Strategy implemented by U.S. and other Democratic countries to contain communism to the countries it was already in

Truman Doctrine

established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat. This was started during the Cold War part of the containment strategy

National Security Act

1. unified the Army, Navy, and Air Force under a what would become the Department of Defense

2. created the CIA, the leading arm of the nation's
   intelligence network

3. established the National Security Council (NSC) to advise the President on issues related primarily to American foreign policy

Unipolarity

one country has the most power, that country has a variety of advantages that outweigh any other country

the US entered a time of Unipolarity after the Cold War

Nixon Doctrine

each ally nation was in charge of its own security in general, but the U.S. would act as a nuclear umbrella when requested. The doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies.

Persian Gulf War

"Operation Desert Storm" began on January 17, 1991, when U.S.-led Coalition forces began massive air strikes against Iraq for invading Kuwait
The coalition launched the ground war on February 24 and quickly overwhelmed the Iraqi forces.
The war had ended in less than two months, and the Bush administration had successfully committed to the largest military action since the Vietnam War without getting bogged down or suffering high casualties.

Liberal Internationalim

complex and interdependent world composed of many important actors, countries, and issues.

Supports international institutions, open markets, cooperative security, and liberal democracy.

Selective Engagement

intervene in regions of the world only if they directly affect a country’s security and prosperity

Dayton Accords

Yugoslavia, created in the aftermath of WWI, was a diverse federation of ethnic and
religious groups—mainly Serbs, Slovenes, Croats, and Bosnians.

After the provinces of Slovenia and Croatia declared
independence in 1991 and were immediately
recognized by the European Community, the Yugoslav
army intervened in both territories. Serbian troops inflicted great damage but were unable to prevent the secession of the new state states, both of which were promptly admitted to the United Nations.
The Serbs then directed their military campaigns to the heart of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most multinational of the Yugoslav provinces, which also
had declared its independence from Belgrade. There, the Bosnian Serbs launched a self-described campaign of ethnic cleansing

The administration pushed NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to begin bombing Bosnian Serb positions.
Eventually, that use of force, in tandem with diplomatic efforts led by Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs Richard Holbrooke, brought the Croats, Serbs, and Bosnian Muslims to the bargaining table. The resulting Dayton Peace Accords ended the fighting.

Bush Doctrine

A global fight against terrorism and the evil it represented had to be mounted on all fronts, American Primacy and Preemptive War

Axis of Evil

governments of Iran, Iraq, and North Korea, along with the terrorist groups.

Bush wanted to put a stop to these countries as part of his doctrine

Libya Intervention

Civil War happening in Libya, NATO implemented a no fly zone, UN set precedent that sovereign state have a responsibility to protect their citizens, Obama led from behind meaning he helped but only from the air and afar

Trump Doctrine

America First, Isolationism

Detente

a relaxation of tensions—in response to the shifts in global politics.

This was pursued by Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford

Marshall Plan

Secretary of State George Marshall told Europe to devise a plan for their common needs and common recovery.
The U.S. would furnish the funds through the European Recovery Program, but the Europeans had to assume the initiative and do the planning. The result was the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC).

Eisenhower’s “New Look”

1) maintaining the vitality of the U.S. economy while still building
sufficient strength to prosecute the Cold War;
(2) relying on nuclear weapons to deter Communist aggression or, if
necessary, to fight a war;
(3) using the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to carry out secret or
covert actions against governments or leaders "directly or indirectly
responsive to Soviet control"

Hegemony

ability of an actor to shape the international system, sphere of influence

Reagan Doctrine

Identified Central America, South America, and the Caribbean as vital US interests and vowed to turn back any outside incursions into America’s backyard.

Primacy

pursue ultimate hegemony and dominate the international system economically, politically and militarily, rejecting any return to bipolarity or multipolarity and preventing the emergence of any peer competitor.

Clinton Doctrine

Liberal Internationalism

Afghanistan War

Seen as a war of necessity, after 9/11 government overthrow seen as necessary to eliminate al Queda. US quickly started to use a more agressive strategy.

Phase 1: overthrow Taliban and al Qaeda. create new Democratic Regime

Phase 2: Nation Building: Afghanistan needed a Western Style Democracy

Started by W Bush and US forces were withdrew in 2021 by Joe Biden, which was seen as bad. The Taliban took power back very quickly

Iraq War

Seen as a War of Choice, Reasons for starting it were

1. Iraq thought to have WMDs (Spoiler alert, they did not)

2. send a signal to other rogue states

3. give US a forward staging area in the middle east

4. new regime would spare people further dictatorial rule

5. making Iraq a democracy would trigger a Domino affect throughout Arab world

Invaded in March 2003 with bombing and large ground offense, in May Bush said the war had ended.

War on Terror

started after 9/11 by W. Bush, seen as advancing the Bush Doctrine and fighting the Azis of Evil

Obama Doctrine

1. The United States should rejoin the international community after years of isolation.

2. the nation would live up to its democratic principles and would seek to inspire political reforms overseas, by its own example, instead of military intervention.

3. Obama proclaimed that the United States should revive diplomacy as a core instrument of foreign policy

Iran Nuclear Deal

On July 14, 2015, six major powers approved a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action that offered Iran a way out of its financial crisis and a potential door into the global economy.
The agreement required that Iran suspend most of its nuclear enrichment program that were capable of creating and launching a nuclear weapon.
In addition to the Comprehensive Plan, the International Atomic Energy Agency demanded frequent and sudden inspections.

Biden Doctrine

diplomacy