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Medial temporal gyrus (MTG) (Wernicke’s area)
A brain region is activated when accessing the lexicon during word production. Responsible for language comprehension
Arcuate fasciculus
A bundle of axons that sends information from the medial temporal gyrus (Broca) to the inferior frontal gyrus (Wernicke) for language processing and production
Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (Wernicke’s are)
Part of the brain that interprets received information from the arcuate fasciculus and transmits articulatory information to the motor cortex.
Motor cortex
The area of the brain responsible for directing the muscle movements required for speech production.
Auditory cortex (STG)
Brain region that processes auditory information perceived through the ears.
Angular gyrus
A brain region that associates written information with a lexical entry during reading. Converts visual stimuli into linguistic stimuli
Childhood apraxia speech characteristics
Inconsistent speech errors, vowel errors, and difficulty producing multi-syllabic words, often increased with complexity of utterance.
Broca’s aphasia
Nonfluent aphasia caused by a lesion in Broca’s area, characterized by telegraphic speech and difficulty with complex syntax.
Wernicke’s aphasia
Fluent aphasia characterized by significant difficulty in comprehension, frequent use of paraphasias and neologisms, and challenges with written language.
Key features of Autism speech characteristics (ASD)
Delayed onset of speech, limited vocabulary, simple sentence structures, and difficulties with abstract language.
Motor functioning in speech production
Involves the process where the motor cortex is directed by the inferior frontal gyrus to produce speech.
Lexical access
The process in which the MTG/ITG is activated to retrieve the meaning and pronunciation of a word.
Producing a spoken word
MTG (Wernicke) is activated when accessing the lexicon
The arcuate fasciculus sends info from the MTG to the IFG
IFG interprets the received information and transmits articulatory info to the motor cortex
The motor cortex directs the muscle movement required for speech production
Hearing a spoken word
Auditory cortex processes the information perceived by the ears
MTG/ITG receives and interprets the auditory information and matches it to a lexical entry
If a word is repeated then it goes to Broca’s area then the motor cortex
Seeing a signed word
The visual cortex processes information perceived by the eyes
Visual info is processed for motion/spatial analysis
MTG/ITG receives this information
MTG/ITG interprets the auditory information and matches it to a lexical entry
Reading a word
The visual cortex processes information perceived by the eyes
The angular gyrus associates written information with a lexical entry
Decoding of phonological information in the MTG/ITG and makes available to meaning and pronunciation of the word
