Cell Biology Lecture Notes Review

Vocabulary flashcards based on key terms and concepts from the cell biology lecture notes.

Glycocalyx

A carbohydrate fuzzy coat on the surface of most cells that facilitates cell interactions and provides protection.

Membrane Spanning Proteins

Proteins that float within cell membranes and serve roles such as transporters, anchors, and receptors.

Endocytosis

The process through which cells take up materials from the external environment by engulfing them.

Lysosome

An organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste material and cellular debris.

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis where cells engulf large particles, such as bacteria.

Exocytosis

The process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that provide structural support and shape to cells, facilitating movement and division.

ATP

A molecule that serves as the primary energy carrier in cells.

Proton Pumps

Membrane proteins that transport protons (H+) across membranes, often using energy from ATP.

Active Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Facilitated Transport

The process of transporting molecules across a membrane with the help of transport proteins, without using energy.

Microtubules

Cylindrical structures that are part of the cytoskeleton, involved in maintaining cell shape and facilitating cellular movement.

Melanin

A pigment produced by melanocytes that contributes to coloration of skin and hair, and protects against UV radiation.

Glycogen

A stored form of glucose in animals, mainly found in liver and muscle tissues.

Peroxisomes

Organelles that contain enzymes to break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Beta Sheets

A secondary structure in proteins characterized by folded, sheet-like arrangements.

Alpha Helix

A coiled secondary structure in proteins resembling a corkscrew.