Roman republic test

Republic

A form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body.

Patrician

A member of the noble families in ancient Rome, who held significant power and privilege.

Plebeian

The common citizen of ancient Rome, who had limited rights compared to patricians.

Tribune

An elected official in ancient Rome who represented the interests of the plebeians.

Consul

One of the two chief magistrates in the Roman Republic, serving as both a political and military leader.

Senate

The governing body in ancient Rome that initially represented the aristocracy, later guiding all state affairs.

Dictator

A magistrate with absolute power appointed during emergencies in the Roman Republic.

Cincinnatus

A Roman statesman celebrated for his civic virtue and for serving as a dictator, fulfilling his duties and returning to farming.

Legion

A large military division of the Roman army, typically composed of about 5,000 soldiers.

Punic Wars

A series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, pivotal in establishing Rome's dominance in the Mediterranean.

Hannibal

A Carthaginian general who led an army, including war elephants, over the Alps to fight against Rome in the Second Punic War.

Carthage

An ancient city-state located in present-day Tunisia, which was a major rival of Rome.

Twelve Tables

The earliest codification of Roman law, established in the mid-5th century BC.

The Forum

The central public space in ancient Rome used for various activities, including political, economic, and social.

Civil War

A war between groups within the same country or state, as occurred in Rome, particularly during the late Republic.

Julius Caesar

A military general and statesman who played a crucial role in the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

Triumvirate

A political alliance of three individuals who share power, as seen with Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.

Augustus

The first Roman emperor, originally known as Octavian, who established the Roman Empire and the Pax Romana.

Pax Romana

A long period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that lasted for about 200 years.

Civil Service

Administrative service in the government, especially in managing departments and delivering public services.

Gracchus

Referring to the brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, who were Roman politicians known for their land and social reforms.

Pompey

A Roman military and political leader who was part of the first triumvirate and later opposed Julius Caesar.