chapter 11 BIO 2270

Pseudomonadota

Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria group.

Alphaproteobacteria

Class of Pseudomonadota with low nutrient growth.

Pelagibacter

Abundant ocean microorganism, crucial for carbon cycle.

Azospirillum

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with plant roots.

Acetobacter

Converts ethanol into acetic acid.

Gluconobacter

Converts ethanol into acetic acid.

Rickettsia

Obligate intracellular parasites causing spotted fevers.

Ehrlichia

Intracellular parasites causing ehrlichiosis, transmitted by ticks.

Caulobacter

Aquatic bacteria with stalks, reproduces by budding.

Hyphomicrobium

Aquatic bacteria with stalks, reproduces by budding.

Rhizobium

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in leguminous plant roots.

Bradyrhizobium

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in leguminous plant roots.

Agrobacterium

Plant pathogen causing crown gall tumors.

Bartonella

Human pathogen causing cat-scratch disease.

Brucella

Obligate mammalian parasite causing brucellosis.

Nitrobacter

Chemoautotroph converting nitrite to nitrate.

Nitrosomonas

Chemoautotroph converting ammonium to nitrite.

Wolbachia

Insect endosymbiont affecting reproduction, potential pest control.

Spirillum

Freshwater bacteria moving via polar flagella.

Sphaerotilus

Forms sheaths in freshwater and sewage.

Burkholderia

Includes species degrading over 100 organic molecules.

Bordetella

Nonmotile rods; B. pertussis causes whooping cough.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Causes gonorrhea, leading to painful urination.

Zoogloea

Key player in wastewater treatment systems.

Acidithiobacillus

Oxidizes H2S or sulfur to sulfate.

Beggiatoa

Grows in sediment, oxidizes H2S for energy.

Legionella

Found in warm water, causes Legionnaires' disease.

Legionella

Causes legionellosis, including Legionnaires' disease.

Coxiella burnetii

Causes Q fever, transmitted via aerosols or milk.

Pseudomonas

Metabolically diverse, opportunistic pathogens in soil.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Causes wound and urinary tract infections.

Azotobacter

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in soil.

Azomonas

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with water.

Moraxella lacunata

Causes conjunctivitis, an eye infection.

Acinetobacter baumanii

Respiratory pathogen resistant to multiple antibiotics.

Vibrionales

Aquatic bacteria, includes Vibrio cholerae and parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio cholerae

Causes cholera, a severe diarrheal disease.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Causes gastroenteritis from contaminated seafood.

Enterobacteriales

Facultative anaerobes inhabiting the intestinal tract.

Escherichia coli

Indicator of fecal contamination, some strains pathogenic.

Salmonella

Includes over 2600 serovars, causes typhoid fever.

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Causes pneumonia and common nosocomial infections.

Proteus mirabilis

Known for swarming motility and concentric colonies.

Yersinia pestis

Causes plague, transmitted via flea bites.

Shigella

Causes bacillary dysentery, an intestinal infection.

Enterobacter cloacae

Causes urinary tract and nosocomial infections.

Enterobacter aerogenes

Causes urinary tract infections and nosocomial infections.

Cronobacter sakazakii

Causes sepsis and meningitis in infants.

Pasteurella

Pathogen causing pasteurellosis, transmitted via animal bites.

Haemophilus

Requires X factor (heme) and V factor (NAD).

Haemophilus influenzae

Causes meningitis, ear infections, and epiglottitis.

Bdellovibrio

Attacks other gram-negative bacteria.

Desulfovibrionales

Use S or SO4^2- as electron acceptors.

Myxococcales

Move by gliding, form fruiting bodies.

Campylobacterota

Slender, helical, microaerophilic gram-negative rods.

Campylobacter jejuni

Causes foodborne intestinal disease.

Helicobacter

Microaerophilic curved rods, multiple flagella.

Helicobacter pylori

Causes peptic ulcers and stomach cancer.

Cyanobacteria

Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria producing oxygen and organic compounds.

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis producing oxygen from water and light.

Gas Vesicles

Structures providing buoyancy to Cyanobacteria.

Heterocysts

Nitrogen-fixing cells in Cyanobacteria blocking oxygen.

Atmospheric Oxygen Increase

Cyanobacteria significantly raised Earth's oxygen levels.

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis not producing oxygen, carried by specific bacteria.

Green Sulfur Bacteria

Anoxygenic bacteria from Phylum Chlorobi.

Chlamydiae

Intracellular bacteria lacking peptidoglycan in cell walls.

Chlamydia trachomatis

Causes trachoma and urethritis in humans.

Chlamydophila psittaci

Causes respiratory psittacosis in humans.

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Causes mild pneumonia, prevalent in young adults.

Planctomycetes

Gram-negative, budding bacteria with unique cell structures.

Gemmata obscuriglobus

Has membrane around DNA, resembling eukaryotic nucleus.

Bacteroidota

Anaerobic bacteria found in the mouth and intestines.

Cytophaga

Bacteria degrading cellulose and chitin in soil.

Fusobacteria

Anaerobic bacteria causing dental abscesses.

Spirochaetes

Coiled bacteria with corkscrew motility via axial filaments.

Treponema pallidum

Causes syphilis in humans.

Borrelia

Causes relapsing fever and Lyme disease.

Leptospira

Bacteria excreted in animal urine.

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Divided by G+C ratios into high and low.

Clostridiales

Endospore-producing, obligate anaerobes like Clostridium.

C. tetani

Causes tetanus in humans.

C. botulinum

Causes botulism, a severe food poisoning.

C. perfringens

Causes gas gangrene and food poisoning.

Coccidioides difficile

Causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Bacillales

Endospore-producing rods including Bacillus species.

B. anthracis

Causes anthrax, a serious infectious disease.

B. thuringiensis

Insect pathogen used in biological pest control.

B. cereus

Causes food poisoning from contaminated food.

Staphylococcus

Forms clusters of cocci; often antibiotic-resistant.

S. aureus

Causes wound infections and produces enterotoxin.

Lactobacillales

Aerotolerant anaerobes producing lactic acid.

Lactobacillus

Used in food production and colonizes the body.

Enterococcus

Found in intestines; causes wound and urinary infections.

Listeria monocytogenes

Food contaminant causing listeriosis.

Streptococcus

Forms chains; produces tissue-damaging enzymes.

Beta-hemolytic streptococci

Includes S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae.

S. pyogenes

Causes pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo.

S. agalactiae

Causes neonatal sepsis and meningitis.

Alpha-hemolytic streptococci

Includes S. pneumoniae and S. mutans.

S. pneumoniae

Causes pneumonia.