chapter 10-11

what is chemical bonding?

involves the transfer or sharing of electrons between two or more atoms

what type of metals are involved in ionic bonding

metal and nonmetal

what types of metals are involved in covalent bonding

nonmental and nonmetal

what types of metals are invoved in metallic bonding

metal and metal

what happens in ionic bonding?

electrons are transferred

what happens in nonpolar covalent bonding?

electrons are shared equally

what happens in polar covalent bonding?

electrons are unequally shared

what happens in metallic bonding?

electrons are pooled

what is the electronegativity trend on the periodic table?

increase up and to the right

what is the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) for pure covalent?

small (0-0.4)

what is the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) for nonpolar covalent?

intermediate (0.1 to 0.4)

what is the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) for polar covalent?

intermediate (0.5 to 1.9)

what is the electronegativity difference (ΔEN) for ionic?

large (2.0+)

what is the dipole moment equation?

u = (q)(r)

u = dipole moment

q = partial charges

r = distance

What unit are dipole moments measured in?

debyes, d

what is the equation for percent ionic character?

measured dipole moment/dipole moment if electron were completely transferred x 100

how many electron groups are around the central atom in LINEAR geometry?

2 electron groups

how many electron groups are around the central atom in TRIGONAL PLANAR geometry?

3 electron groups

how many electron groups are around the central atom in TETRAHEDRAL geometry?

4 electron groups

how many electron groups are around the central atom in TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL geometry?

5 electron groups

how many electron groups are around the central atom in OCTAHEDRAL geometry?

6 electron groups

what is the bond angle in linear geometry?

180°

what is the bond angle in trigonal planar geometry?

120°

what is the bond angle in tetrahedral geometry?

109.5°

what is the bond angle in trigonal bipyramidal geometry?

90° and 120°

what is the bond angle in octahedral geometry?

90°

what is the molecular geometry for a trigonal planar structure with 1 lone pair?

trigonal planar - bent

what is the molecular geometry for a tetrahedral structure with 1 lone pair?

tetrahedral - trigonal pyramidal

what is the molecular geometry for a tetrahedral structure with 2 lone pairs?

tetrahedral - bent

what is the molecular geometry for a trigonal bipyramidal structure with 1 lone pair?

trigonal bipyramidal - seesaw

what is the molecular geometry for a trigonal bipyramidal structure with 2 lone pairs?

trigonal bipyramidal - t-shaped

what is the molecular geometry for a trigonal bipyramidal structure with 3 lone pair

trigonal bipyramidal structure - linear

what is the molecular geometry for an octahedral structure with 1 lone pair?

octahedral - square pyramidal

what is the molecular geometry for an octahedral structure with 2 lone pair?

octahedral - square planar

what is the molecular geometry for a octahedral structure with 3 lone pairs?

octahedral - t-shaped

what is the molecular geometry for an octahedral structure with 4 lone pairs?

octahedral - linear

what is the formal charge equation?

#of valence electrons - # of lone electrons + (1/2 # of bonding electrons)

what is the hybridization of linear?

sp

what is the hybridization of trigonal planar?

sp2

what is the hybridization of tetrahedral?

sp3

what is the hybridization of trigonal bipyramidal?

sp3d

what is the hybridization of octrahedral?

sp3d2