Chapt. 15

removing product

Forward/right shift
No effect on K

Decreasing Volume

shifts towards less moles of gas
No effect on K

adding reactant

forward/right shift
no effect on K

Removing Reactant

reverse/left shift
No effect on K

Adding product

Reverse/left shift
No effect on K

Increasing volume

Shift towards more moles of gas
No effect on K

Decreasing pressure

shifts towards more moles of gas
No effect on K

Increasing pressure

Shifts towards less moles of gas
No effect on K

Adding inert gas (noble gas)

No effect

Increasing temp. on endo rxn

forward/right shift
K increases

Increase temp on exo rxn

Reverse/left shift
K decreases

Decreasing temp for endo rxn

reverse/left shift
K decreases

Decreasing temp for exo rxn

Forward/right shift
K increases

adding catalyst

no effect

Catalyst effect on rate and K

Increases rate
K uneffected

ICE Table

Initial, Change, Equilibrium

ICE; Change relationship with x (reactants)

always -x

ICE; Change relationship with x (products)

Always +x

Equilibrium constant equation excludes what?

liquids and solids

If k is less than 1x10^-3

Small;mostly reactants; equilibrium to the left

if k is less than or equal to 1x10^3 and greater than or equal to 1x10^-3

intermediate;at equilibrium

if k is greater than 1x10^3

large;mostly products;equilibrium to the right

If balanced equation written in reverse

find the inverse of K

If balanced equation's coefficients multiplied

raise it to the power in which it was multiplied by

Both Kc and Kp are...

temp. dependent; independent of initial atm

what ions do not react with water?

Cations of strong bases (e.g., Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺). Anions of strong acids (e.g., Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, NO₃⁻, ClO₄⁻, HSO₄⁻)