Unit 5 Study Guide: Classification of Living Organisms

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/82

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

83 Terms

1
New cards

Scientific Observation

Needs to be objective (fact-based) and quantifiable (can be measured with a number). Example: there are 32 student desks in Ms. Chen's room.

2
New cards

Scientific Claim

Answer to the question or inquiry.

3
New cards

Evidence

Proof or data that supports your claim.

4
New cards

Reasoning

Justification that connects your evidence to your claim.

5
New cards

Taxonomy

Living organisms are classified based on their shared characteristics.

6
New cards

Cladogram

Graphical representation of how organisms are grouped together based on shared characteristics.

7
New cards

Scientific name

Genus + species (also italicized).

8
New cards

Binomial nomenclature

A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name

9
New cards

Eukaryote

Organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

10
New cards

Prokaryote

Organisms who do not have a clear nucleus or organelles.

11
New cards

Autotroph

Producers, organisms that make their own food.

12
New cards

Heterotroph

Consumers, must eat other organisms for food.

13
New cards

Protist

Any eukaryotic organism not classified as a plant, animal, or fungi.

14
New cards

Algae

Photosynthetic and an important part of ecosystems.

15
New cards

Plasmodium

The parasite that causes malaria.

16
New cards

Kelp

example of a multicellular protist with a simple structure living in marine habitats.

17
New cards

Archaea

Found anywhere there is life, thought to play important roles in ecosystems.

18
New cards

Extremophiles

Organisms found in extreme environments that are inhospitable to almost all other organisms.

19
New cards

Halophiles

Found in areas with high salt concentrations.

20
New cards

Thermophiles

Found in areas with extremely high temperatures.

21
New cards

Bacteria

Prokaryotic, single-celled organisms.

22
New cards

Virus

Non-living cluster of genetic material enclosed in a protein capsule.

23
New cards

Fungi

Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, have cell walls made of chitin, multicellular.

24
New cards

Yeasts

Single cell fungi.

25
New cards

Mutualism

the form of symbiosis where both organisms benefit.

26
New cards

Mycorrhiza

Where the fungus grows on the plant roots and helps it absorb water and minerals more efficiently.

27
New cards

Lichen

Fungus + algae/cyanobacteria, where the fungus and photosynthetic organism grow together and look like a single organism.

28
New cards

Parasitism

A symbiotic relationship where the parasite benefits while the host is harmed, usually becoming ill or eventually dying.

29
New cards

Athlete's foot

A fungus infection on the skin, usually starting at the feet but can spread.

30
New cards

Penicillin

A mold used to create the first antibiotic which also has the same name.

31
New cards

Plants (plantae)

Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with cell walls made of cellulose, crucial for life.

32
New cards

Chloroplasts

Organelles that allow plants to perform photosynthesis.

33
New cards

Nonvascular plants

Also known as bryophytes; the first plants to evolve without roots, stems, leaves, seeds, or flowers.

34
New cards

Vascular plants

Plants with specialized cells to transport water and nutrients, allowing them to grow tall.

35
New cards

Xylem

A type of vascular plant cell: transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves/stem.

36
New cards

Phloem

A type of vascular plant cell: transports food made from photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

37
New cards

Plant cells

Eukaryotic cells that include a large central vacuole, a cell wall made of cellulose, and chloroplasts.

38
New cards

Shoots

The above-ground structure of a plant, including the stem, flowers, and leaves.

39
New cards

Roots

Below-ground structure that absorbs and sometimes stores nutrients and anchors the plant.

40
New cards

Animals (Animalia)

Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with no cell walls.

41
New cards

Tissue

Groups of cells that all perform the same function.

42
New cards

Organ

Two or more types of tissue that work together for the same function.

43
New cards

Organ system

Groups of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

44
New cards

Sensory organs

Organs that allow animals to sense and react to their environment.

45
New cards

Zygote

The cell formed when a sperm and egg cell fuse, which develops into an embryo.

46
New cards

Animal kingdom

The kingdom that has over 30 different phyla, and only one phylum (Chordata) includes vertebrates.

47
New cards

Invertebrates

Animals with no backbones that make up 90%+ of the animal kingdom.

48
New cards

Cephalization

The concentration of nerve tissue which led to the development of a brain.

49
New cards

Multicellularity

Being made of more than a single cell which allows cells to become more specialized as they worked together and evolved for specific purposes.

50
New cards

Body symmetry

Means that animals can be divided into even parts, which allows for animals to learn directions and control their movements.

51
New cards

Radial symmetry

Where any line through the center can result in two equal body halves.

52
New cards

Bilateral symmetry

Where a body can be split into exactly two equal halves along a centerline.

53
New cards

Segmentation

Where the animal body is divided into many repeating parts; evolved later and allowed animal bodies to become more complex.

54
New cards

Notochord

A stiff rod that runs along the length of the body and acts as structural support, later evolved to become the backbone.

55
New cards

Phylum Porifera

Includes sponges, adults are sessile, lack tissue and body symmetry, and are filter feeders.

56
New cards

Phylum Cnidaria

Includes corals and jellyfish, all aquatic, with a radial symmetry body plan and two body types: polyp and medusa.

57
New cards

Nematocyst

A long, thin stinger with a barb found in Phylum Cnidaria.

58
New cards

Phylum Platyhelminthe

Includes flatworms, diverse body sizes, first to develop a mesoderm and simple organ systems.

59
New cards

Phylum Nematoda

Includes roundworms, first to develop a pseudocoelom, have a complete digestive system.

60
New cards

Phylum Mollusca

Includes mollusks, all aquatic, with over 100,000 different species and a circulatory system.

61
New cards

Mantle

A layer of tissue that secretes CaCO3 to make the shell in Phylum Mollusca.

62
New cards

Radula

A feeding organ with teeth in Phylum Mollusca.

63
New cards

Phylum Annelida

Includes segmented worms, body is divided into many repeating parts, segments can regenerate.

64
New cards

Phylum Arthropoda

Includes insects, spiders, and lobsters, characterized by jointed appendages and an exoskeleton.

65
New cards

Exoskeleton

A hard cover to protect the body in Phylum Arthropoda, does not grow so it is periodically shed and regrown.

66
New cards

Phylum Echinodermata

Includes sea urchin and sea stars, characterized by radial symmetry and having an endoskeleton.

67
New cards

Water vascular system

A unique system in Phylum Echinodermata where water is pumped through their body and that helps them to eat, breathe, and move.

68
New cards

Phylum Chordata

Characterized by four unique features: the post-anal tail, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, and pharyngeal slits.

69
New cards

Vertebrates

A subcategory of chordates that have a backbone/vertebral column.

70
New cards

Endoskeleton

Made of bone and cartilage, in vertebrates it includes a cranium, limb pairs, and limb girdles.

71
New cards

Bone

A mix of collagen and minerals like calcium, makes up vertebrate endoskeletons

72
New cards

Cartilage

Hard tissue containing collagen, offers structural support for many animals

73
New cards

Closed circulatory system

The heart pumps blood throughout the body transporting oxygen and other nutrients.

74
New cards

Fertilization

The merging of a sperm and egg to produce a diploid zygote.

75
New cards

Ovipary

Embryo develops in an egg outside the mother's body.

76
New cards

Ovivipary

Embryo develops in an egg inside the mother's body.

77
New cards

Vivipary

Embryo develops and is nourished in the mother's body.

78
New cards

Amphibians

The first vertebrates to live on land, live both on land and water.

79
New cards

Reptiles

Ectothermic tetrapod vertebrates that lay amniotic eggs.

80
New cards

Birds

Endothermic tetrapod vertebrates that lay amniotic eggs with hard calcium carbonate shells.

81
New cards

Mammals

Characterized by mammary glands and hair or fur.

82
New cards

Mammary glands

Glands in females that produce milk after giving birth.

83
New cards

Diaphragm

The large muscle below the lungs that helps to contract and expand them for breathing.