1/82
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Scientific Observation
Needs to be objective (fact-based) and quantifiable (can be measured with a number). Example: there are 32 student desks in Ms. Chen's room.
Scientific Claim
Answer to the question or inquiry.
Evidence
Proof or data that supports your claim.
Reasoning
Justification that connects your evidence to your claim.
Taxonomy
Living organisms are classified based on their shared characteristics.
Cladogram
Graphical representation of how organisms are grouped together based on shared characteristics.
Scientific name
Genus + species (also italicized).
Binomial nomenclature
A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name
Eukaryote
Organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
Prokaryote
Organisms who do not have a clear nucleus or organelles.
Autotroph
Producers, organisms that make their own food.
Heterotroph
Consumers, must eat other organisms for food.
Protist
Any eukaryotic organism not classified as a plant, animal, or fungi.
Algae
Photosynthetic and an important part of ecosystems.
Plasmodium
The parasite that causes malaria.
Kelp
example of a multicellular protist with a simple structure living in marine habitats.
Archaea
Found anywhere there is life, thought to play important roles in ecosystems.
Extremophiles
Organisms found in extreme environments that are inhospitable to almost all other organisms.
Halophiles
Found in areas with high salt concentrations.
Thermophiles
Found in areas with extremely high temperatures.
Bacteria
Prokaryotic, single-celled organisms.
Virus
Non-living cluster of genetic material enclosed in a protein capsule.
Fungi
Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, have cell walls made of chitin, multicellular.
Yeasts
Single cell fungi.
Mutualism
the form of symbiosis where both organisms benefit.
Mycorrhiza
Where the fungus grows on the plant roots and helps it absorb water and minerals more efficiently.
Lichen
Fungus + algae/cyanobacteria, where the fungus and photosynthetic organism grow together and look like a single organism.
Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship where the parasite benefits while the host is harmed, usually becoming ill or eventually dying.
Athlete's foot
A fungus infection on the skin, usually starting at the feet but can spread.
Penicillin
A mold used to create the first antibiotic which also has the same name.
Plants (plantae)
Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with cell walls made of cellulose, crucial for life.
Chloroplasts
Organelles that allow plants to perform photosynthesis.
Nonvascular plants
Also known as bryophytes; the first plants to evolve without roots, stems, leaves, seeds, or flowers.
Vascular plants
Plants with specialized cells to transport water and nutrients, allowing them to grow tall.
Xylem
A type of vascular plant cell: transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves/stem.
Phloem
A type of vascular plant cell: transports food made from photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Plant cells
Eukaryotic cells that include a large central vacuole, a cell wall made of cellulose, and chloroplasts.
Shoots
The above-ground structure of a plant, including the stem, flowers, and leaves.
Roots
Below-ground structure that absorbs and sometimes stores nutrients and anchors the plant.
Animals (Animalia)
Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with no cell walls.
Tissue
Groups of cells that all perform the same function.
Organ
Two or more types of tissue that work together for the same function.
Organ system
Groups of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Sensory organs
Organs that allow animals to sense and react to their environment.
Zygote
The cell formed when a sperm and egg cell fuse, which develops into an embryo.
Animal kingdom
The kingdom that has over 30 different phyla, and only one phylum (Chordata) includes vertebrates.
Invertebrates
Animals with no backbones that make up 90%+ of the animal kingdom.
Cephalization
The concentration of nerve tissue which led to the development of a brain.
Multicellularity
Being made of more than a single cell which allows cells to become more specialized as they worked together and evolved for specific purposes.
Body symmetry
Means that animals can be divided into even parts, which allows for animals to learn directions and control their movements.
Radial symmetry
Where any line through the center can result in two equal body halves.
Bilateral symmetry
Where a body can be split into exactly two equal halves along a centerline.
Segmentation
Where the animal body is divided into many repeating parts; evolved later and allowed animal bodies to become more complex.
Notochord
A stiff rod that runs along the length of the body and acts as structural support, later evolved to become the backbone.
Phylum Porifera
Includes sponges, adults are sessile, lack tissue and body symmetry, and are filter feeders.
Phylum Cnidaria
Includes corals and jellyfish, all aquatic, with a radial symmetry body plan and two body types: polyp and medusa.
Nematocyst
A long, thin stinger with a barb found in Phylum Cnidaria.
Phylum Platyhelminthe
Includes flatworms, diverse body sizes, first to develop a mesoderm and simple organ systems.
Phylum Nematoda
Includes roundworms, first to develop a pseudocoelom, have a complete digestive system.
Phylum Mollusca
Includes mollusks, all aquatic, with over 100,000 different species and a circulatory system.
Mantle
A layer of tissue that secretes CaCO3 to make the shell in Phylum Mollusca.
Radula
A feeding organ with teeth in Phylum Mollusca.
Phylum Annelida
Includes segmented worms, body is divided into many repeating parts, segments can regenerate.
Phylum Arthropoda
Includes insects, spiders, and lobsters, characterized by jointed appendages and an exoskeleton.
Exoskeleton
A hard cover to protect the body in Phylum Arthropoda, does not grow so it is periodically shed and regrown.
Phylum Echinodermata
Includes sea urchin and sea stars, characterized by radial symmetry and having an endoskeleton.
Water vascular system
A unique system in Phylum Echinodermata where water is pumped through their body and that helps them to eat, breathe, and move.
Phylum Chordata
Characterized by four unique features: the post-anal tail, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, and pharyngeal slits.
Vertebrates
A subcategory of chordates that have a backbone/vertebral column.
Endoskeleton
Made of bone and cartilage, in vertebrates it includes a cranium, limb pairs, and limb girdles.
Bone
A mix of collagen and minerals like calcium, makes up vertebrate endoskeletons
Cartilage
Hard tissue containing collagen, offers structural support for many animals
Closed circulatory system
The heart pumps blood throughout the body transporting oxygen and other nutrients.
Fertilization
The merging of a sperm and egg to produce a diploid zygote.
Ovipary
Embryo develops in an egg outside the mother's body.
Ovivipary
Embryo develops in an egg inside the mother's body.
Vivipary
Embryo develops and is nourished in the mother's body.
Amphibians
The first vertebrates to live on land, live both on land and water.
Reptiles
Ectothermic tetrapod vertebrates that lay amniotic eggs.
Birds
Endothermic tetrapod vertebrates that lay amniotic eggs with hard calcium carbonate shells.
Mammals
Characterized by mammary glands and hair or fur.
Mammary glands
Glands in females that produce milk after giving birth.
Diaphragm
The large muscle below the lungs that helps to contract and expand them for breathing.