patho alterations in cell pt. 3

Osmosis

Movement of water to one compartment to another via semi permeable mem

H20 moves

LOW to HIGH

Normal conc.

280-295

Isotonic percentage

0.9%

Hypo percentage

0.45%

Hyper percentage

3%

Oncotic pressure

Same principle as OP but specifically to protein molecules

Low protein = low conc (high water) Why

They hold water

Osmotic pressure

Pressure exerted by all solutes in a compartment

what is always changed first in a fluid shift

BLOOD

T → B

Water lost, high osmolality

B → T

Water gained, low osmolality

Solution for increased osmolality (water loss)

RAAS & ADH

Aldosterone

Causes kidney tubules to hold onto Na+ so water can follow back into circulation instead of urine

Decreased osmolality can lead to

Edema, SIADH

Solution for decreased osmolality (water gain)

ANP & BNP (by NPS)

Cirrhosis

Diminished protein production in liver

Glomerulonephritis

Plasma protein loss in kidney

S&S of low osmolality

• pitting edema

• Pulmonary edema

• Acute CNS

Solute loss leads to

Hypoproteinemia