IPS1 - [Liquid Dosage Forms] - Solutions

Proverbs 16:3

Solutions

These are liquid preparations that contain one or more substances dissolved in water or co-solvent mixtures.

● Oral Solutions

● Topical Solutions

● Otic Solutions

● Nasal Solutions

Types of solutions

● Medicinal agents

● Flavorants

● Colorants

● Sweetening agents

● Stabilizers (e.g., glycerin or sorbitol)

● Preservatives

● Vehicles

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

Components of ORAL solutions include:

● Glycerin

● Sorbitol

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

Stabilizers used in ORAL solutions

● Homogeneous mixture

● Easier to swallow than solid dosage forms

● Faster onset of action and improved bioavailability for drugs with slow dissolution rates

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

Advantages of ORAL solutions

● Bulky

● Degrade more rapidly

● More likely to interact with other constituents

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

Disadvantages of ORAL solutions

Prednisone Sodium Phosphate

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

Example of ORAL solutions

● Dry Powder for Solution

● Oral Rehydration Solution

● Oral Colonic Lavage Solution

● Magnesium Citrate Solution

● Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid Oral Solution

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

Forms of ORAL solutions

Dry Powder for Solution

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

Dry powder reconstituted prior to use

● 1 week (not refrigerated)

● 2 weeks (7 to 14 days if refrigerated)

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

Expiration date for Dry Powder for Solution

● Cloxacillin Na

● Penicillin V for Oral Solution

● Potassium Chloride for Oral Solution, USP

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

Examples of Dry Powder for Solution

Oral Rehydration Solution

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

This is available in LIQUID or POWDER form for reconstitution

Oral Rehydration Solution

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

This is used in the treatment of dehydration caused by diarrhea.

● Pedialyte

● Rehydrate Solution

● Glucolyte

● Hydrite

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

Examples of Oral Rehydration Solution

Oral Colonic Lavage Solution

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

This is used for BOWEL PREPARATION before procedures

PEG-ES

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

Example of ORAL COLONIC LAVAGE solution

● PEG 3350

● Sodium Sulfate

● Sodium Bicarbonate

● Sodium Chloride

● Potassium Chloride

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

PEG-ES (Oral colonic lavage solution) is composed of:

4 L total, drink 240 mL every 10 minutes until finished

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

What is the recommended adult dose for PEG-ES (Oral colonic lavage solution)?

Magnesium Citrate Solution

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

This is a COLORLESS to slightly YELLOW CLEAR effervescent liquid having a SWEET acidulous taste and a LEMON flavor.

Citrate of Magnesia

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

What is the synonym for MAGNESIUM CITRATE solution?

Magnesium Citrate Solution

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

This is used as SALINE CATHARTIC.

Saline cathartic

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

Magnesium Citrate Solution is used as:

Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid Oral Solution

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

This is used as SYSTEMIC ALKALINIZER.

Systemic alkalinizer

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid Oral Solution is used as___

10-30 mL every 6 hours (4 times a day)

[FORMS OF ORAL SOLUTION]

What is the recommended dose for Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid Oral Solution?

Topical solutions

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

These solutions employ an AQUEOUS vehicle, whereas the topical tinctures characteristically employ an alcoholic vehicle.

● Cosolvents

● Adjuncts

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

These components of TOPICAL solutions are used to enhance stability or the solubility of the solute.

Topical solutions

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

These solutions employ an aqueous vehicle and should be labeled with " FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY".

"FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY"

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

Topical solutions should be labeled with ___

● Aluminum Acetate Topical Solution (Burow's Solution)

● Aluminum Subacetate Topical Solution (Modified Burow's)

● Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution (Limewater, Liquor Calcis)

● Coal Tar Topical Solution (Liquor Carbonis Detergens / LCD)

● Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (Agua Oxinada)

● Chlorhexidine Gluconate

● Povidone-Iodine Topical Solution

● Thimerosal Solution (Merthiolate)

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

Examples of TOPICAL solutions

Burow's Solution

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Aluminum Acetate Topical Solution is also known as:

● Astringent wash

● Wet dressing

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Aluminum Acetate Topical Solution is used as:

Modified Burow's Solution

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Aluminum Subacetate Topical Solution is also known as:

● Astringent wash

● Wet dressing

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Aluminum Subacetate Topical Solution is used as:

● Limewater

● Liquor Calcis

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution is also known as:

Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

This is used as an ASTRINGENT and in combination in DERMATOLOGICAL solutions and lotions.

● Liquor Carbonis Detergens

● Liquor Picis Carbonis

● LCD

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Coal Tar Topical Solution is also known as:

● 20% Coal Tar

● 5% Polysorbate 80

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Components of Coal Tar Topical Solution

Coal Tar Topical Solution

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

This is a local ANTI-ECZEMATIC used in external treatment of chronic SKIN conditions.

● Peroxide

● Agua Oxinada

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Hydrogen peroxide is also known as: :

2.5-3.5% w/v H₂O₂

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Hydrogen peroxide solution contains ___% w/v hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen peroxide

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

This is used as a local ANTI-INFECTIVE on the skin and mucous membrane.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Main component of HIBICLENS

Hibiclens

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is the main component of ___

4% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (HIBICLENS)

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

___% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (HIBICLENS) is used as a surgical scrub, hand wash, and skin wound and general skin cleanser (can cause irritations).

● Surgical scrub

● Hand wash

● Wound cleanser

● General skin cleanser (can cause irritations)

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

4% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (HIBICLENS) is used as ____

12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

___% Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used as anti-gingivitis, antiplaque, and antimicrobial agent.

● Anti-gingivitis agent

● Antiplaque agent

● Antimicrobial agent

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

12 % Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used as ___

10% Povidone-Iodine Topical Solution

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

This is used in SURGICAL SCRUB and NONIRRITATING ANTISEPTIC solution.

Betadine Solution

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

Example of Povidone-Iodine Topical Solution

0.1% Thimerosal

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

This is used as FUNGISTATIC and BACTERIOSTATIC solution.

0.1% Merthiolate solution

[EXAMPLES OF TOPICAL SOLUTIONS]

0.1% thimerosal is used in ____ solution

Otic solutions

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

These are used for EAR or AURAL solutions.

● For the removal of excessive cerumen

● For the treatment of ear infections, inflammation, or pain

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

Uses of OTIC solutions

● Cerumenex Ear Drops

● Debrox Drops

[EXAMPLES OF OTIC SOLUTIONS]

Otic solutions used for the removal of CERUMEN

● Auralgan Otic Solution

● Americaine Otic

● Chloromycetin Otic

● Corticosporin Otic

● Otobiotic Solution

● VoSol Otic Solution

[EXAMPLES OF OTIC SOLUTIONS]

Otic solutions used as ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC or ANTIBIOTIC (ear infection)

● Drops (instillation)

● Sprays

● Aerosols ( spray under pressure)

[TYPES OF SOLUTIONS]

NASAL solutions are administered in form of ____

Inhalation Solutions

[NASAL SOLUTIONS]

These are STERILE drugs or solutions administered via NASAL or RESPIRATORY route.

● Sodium Chloride Inhalation Solution

● Sterile Water for Inhalation

[NASAL SOLUTIONS]

Vehicles used in INHALATION solutions

● Atomizing unit in bulbous glass chamber

● Nebulizer

● Vaporizer

● Humidifier

[NASAL SOLUTIONS]

Instruments used for INHALATION therapy

Nebulizer

[NASAL SOLUTIONS]

Instrument capable of producing FINE particles for inhalation

therapy; MOST COMMON

Inhalants

[NASAL SOLUTIONS]

These are drugs or combinations of drugs that by virtue of their HIGH vapor pressure can be carried by an air current into the nasal passage, where they exert their effect.

● Amyl Nitrite Inhalant

● Propylhexedrine Inhalant

[NASAL SOLUTIONS]

Examples of INHALANTS

Inhaler

[NASAL SOLUTIONS]

The device that holds the drug or drugs and from which inhalants are administered is called ___

● Afrin Nasal Drops / Spray

● Nasalide

● Privine Nasal Solution

● Beconase AQ

● Nasalcrom Nasal Spray

● Salinase

● Ocean Mist

● Syntocinon Nasal Spray

● Diapid Nasal Spray

[NASAL SOLUTIONS]

Examples of NASAL solutions

● Afrin Nasal Drops / Spray

● Nasalide

● Privine Nasal Solution

[EXAMPLES OF NASAL SOLUTIONS]

These nasal preparations are used as DECONGESTANT

● Beconase AQ

● Nasalcrom Nasal Spray

[EXAMPLES OF NASAL SOLUTIONS]

These nasal preparations are used for the prevention and treatment of PERENNIAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS.

● Salinase

● Ocean Mist

[EXAMPLES OF NASAL SOLUTIONS]

These nasal preparations are used to restore MOISTURE and relieve DRY, CRUSTED, and INFLAMED nasal membrane.

Syntocinon Nasal Spray

[EXAMPLES OF NASAL SOLUTIONS]

This nasal preparation is employed for initial MILK LET-DOWN preparatory to BREAST FEEDING.

Diapid Nasal Spray

[EXAMPLES OF NASAL SOLUTIONS]

This nasal preparation is used as ANTI-DIURETIC.

● Simple Solution Method

● Solution by Chemical Reaction

● Solution by Extraction

Methods of preparing solutions

Strong Iodine Solution

[METHODS OF PREPARING SOLUTIONS]

Example of solution under SIMPLE SOLUTION METHOD.

Magnesium Citrate Solution

[METHODS OF PREPARING SOLUTIONS]

Example of solution under solution by CHEMICAL REACTION.