Final Computer Architecture

1. According to Moore's Law, the number of transistors on a chip will double every:

A. 2 years

B. 4 years

C. 3 years

D. 1 year

A. 2 years

2

2. The IAS (Institute for Advanced Studies) computer was started in what year?

A. 1943

B. 1952

C. 1947

D. 1946

C. 1947

• IAS = 47

35. The first microprocessor, Intel 4004, was introduced in the year:

A. 1973

B. 1971

C. 1961

D. 1960

B. 1971

• 4004 = 71

5. The first computer, ENIAC, could perform:

A. 6000 additions per second

B. 8000 additions per second

C. 5000 additions per second

D. 7000 additions per second

C. 5000 additions per second

• ENIAC = 5000

3. The first computer, ENIAC, had memory that:

A. Only stored data

B. Stored both programs and data

C. Only stored programs

D. Was electronic tubes

A. Only stored data

• ENIAC = data

25. The IBM-702 computer was introduced in the year:

A. 1952

B. 1955

C. 1954

D. 1953

B. 1955

• IBM 702 = 55

4. According to the Von Neumann principle, data input into a computer is performed by:

A. Punching holes in paper tape

B. Electromagnetic pulses

C. Electrical pulses

D. Punching holes in cards and inputting manually

C. Electrical pulses

• Von principle = electrical pulses

6. The IAS (Institute for Advanced Studies) computer was programmed using:

A. Setting positions of switches and connecting cables

B. Based on Turing's principle

C. Based on the Von Neumann principle

D. Based on the Von Neumann/Turing principle

D. Based on the Von Neumann/Turing principle

• IAS = Von Turing

7. The first computer, ENIAC, used which of the following components?

A. Electronic tubes

B. Field-effect transistors

C. Semiconductor ICs

D. Bipolar transistors

A. Electronic tubes

• ENIAC = tubes

8. According to the Von Neumann principle:

A. Memory has addresses and memory cell data changes according to each computer program instruction.

B. Memory is addressed by each memory cell without regard to its content

C. Memory has memory cell addresses changing according to each instruction but the content cannot change

D. Memory is addressed by each memory cell and depends on the content of the memory cell

B. Memory is addressed by each memory cell without regard to its content

• Von principle = without regard

9. An example of firmware in a computer is:

A. Driver program for the computer's graphics card

B. Control program in the ROM BIOS

C. User application software

D. MS DOS operating system

B. Control program in the ROM BIOS

• firmware = ROM BIOS

10. The first generation of computers is called the generation of:

A. Vacuum tube computers

B. ULSI SoC microchip computers

C. Transistor computers

D. VLSI microchip computers

A. Vacuum tube computers

• first gen = vacuum

11. What is an electronic computer?

A. Information storage device

B. Device for digitizing and transforming information

C. Information storage and processing device

D. Device for creating and transforming information

C. Information storage and processing device

12. The following statement belongs to the content of the Von Neumann principle:

A. The computer's memory is addressable

B. The computer's memory cannot be addressed

C. The computer can control all operations with a single program

D. Programs are only loaded when executed

 A. The computer's memory is addressable

• Von principle = addressable

13. The fourth generation of computers is called the generation of:

A. Vacuum tube computers

B. SSI, MSI, LSI microchip computers

C. Transistor computers

D. VLSI microchip computers

D. VLSI microchip computers

• 4th gen = VLSI

14. Computer software is:

A. Programs installed in ROM memory

B. Device coordinators that allow flexible input/output connections

C. Microprocessor and supporting microchips

D. Data exchange mechanism between computer hardware devices

 A. Programs installed in ROM memory

• software = program

15. Choose the correct option from the following:

A. The Turing machine consists of a read-write head, a central processor, and a tape

B. The Turing machine consists of a finite state controller, a tape, and a read-write head

C. The Turing machine consists of a tape and a central processor

D. The Turing machine consists of a central processor and a storage mechanism with memory ICs

 B. The Turing machine consists of a finite state controller, a tape, and a read-write head

• Turing = finite + read-wire

16. According to the Von Neumann principle, the control unit (CU) executes instructions in steps:

A. Receiving instructions from the program, decoding, and executing randomly

B. Receiving instructions from the program, decoding, and executing sequentially

C. Receiving instructions from memory, decoding, and executing randomly

D. Receiving instructions from memory, decoding, and executing sequentially

 D. Receiving instructions from memory, decoding, and executing sequentially

• Receiving - memory - sequentially

28. The first computer, ENIAC, was completed in the year:

A. 1946

B. 1947

C. 1943

D. 1952

A. 1946

• ENIAC - 46

17. According to the Von Neumann principle, to change the order of instructions executed, we only need to:

A. Change the content of the instruction pointer register to the address of the next instruction to execute

B. Change the content of the instruction array register

C. Change the content of the data array register

D. Change the content in the memory area containing the address of the currently executing program

A. Change the content of the instruction pointer register to the address of the next instruction to execute

• Von principle = change pointer

18. The third generation of computers is called the generation of:

A. Transistor computers

B. SSI, MSI, LSI microchip computers

C. ULSI SoC microchip computers

D. Vacuum tube computers

B. SSI, MSI, LSI microchip computers

• 3rd gen = SSI

19. The development of digital electronic computers is evaluated based on which of the following criteria?

A. Computer functions

B. Computer computing speed

C. All of the above

D. The level of integration of electronic microchips in the computer

C. All of the above

20. The IAS computer had memory that:

A. Stored both programs and data

B. Only stored data

C. Was electronic tubes

D. Only stored programs

A. Stored both programs and data

21. The first computer, ENIAC, was programmed using the method:

A. Based on Turing principle

B. Based on von Neumann principle

C. Based on von Neumann/Turing principle

D. Setting the position of switches and cables

 D. Setting the position of switches and cables

• ENIAC = Setting the position

22. What is firmware in a computer?

A. Drivers for hardware devices and support circuits for input/output interfacing

B. Software embedded in electronic circuits during manufacturing

C. Operating system

D. System software

B. Software embedded in electronic circuits during manufacturing

• firmware = Software embedded

23. A program is:

A. Software installed in the CPU

B. A sequence of instructions in memory directing the computer to perform specific tasks

C. A sequence of instructions stored in registers

D. A sequence of instructions stored in ROM

B. A sequence of instructions in memory directing the computer to perform specific tasks

24. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Computer hardware is the program installed in ROM

B. Computer hardware is the central processing unit

C. Computer hardware includes physical objects like motherboard, RAM, ROM, hard disk, screen

D. Computer hardware includes physical objects and programs installed in ROM

C. Computer hardware includes physical objects like motherboard, RAM, ROM, hard disk, screen

26. The IBM-701 computer was introduced in the year:

A. 1955

B. 1952

C. 1953

D. 1954

C. 1953

• 701=53

27. One of the principles of Von Neumann architecture is:

A. Each instruction must have a memory area containing the address of the next instruction

B. A computer can control all operations using a single program

C. A computer can operate according to a stored program

D. Computer memory cannot be addressed

C. A computer can operate according to a stored program

• Von architecture = computer + stored program

29. Based on the purpose of use, computers are categorized into:

A. Desktop, laptop, tablet, personal digital assistant (PDA)

B. Personal computers, servers, embedded computers

C. First-generation, second-generation, third-generation, fourth-generation computers

D. Microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, supercomputers

B. Personal computers, servers, embedded computers

30. The second generation of computers is called the:

A. Computers using ULSI and SoC chips

B. Computers using vacuum tubes

C. Computers using VLSI chips

D. Computers using transistors

D. Computers using transistors

• 2nd gen = transistors

31. High-level languages emerged along with which generation of computers?

A. Fourth generation: Computers using VLSI chips (1980s)

B. Third generation: Computers using SSI, MSI, and LSI chips (1970s)

C. Second generation: Computers using transistors (1960s)

D. First generation: Computers using vacuum tubes (1950s)

C. Second generation: Computers using transistors (1960s)

• High-level languages = 2nd gen

32. The development history of computers to date has gone through how many stages?

A. 4 stages

B. 3 stages

C. 6 stages

D. 5 stages

D. 5 stages

33. Which of the following statements belongs to the principles of Von Neumann architecture?

A. A computer can control all operations using a single program

B. Each instruction must have a memory area containing the address of the next instruction

C. Computer memory cannot be addressed

D. A computer uses a program counter to indicate the position of the next instruction

D. A computer uses a program counter to indicate the position of the next instruction

• Von architecture = computer uses a program counter

34. The first computer, ENIAC, had:

A. 1000 vacuum tubes and 1000 relays

B. 1200 vacuum tubes and 1000 relays

C. 1800 vacuum tubes and 1500 relays

D. 1500 vacuum tubes and 1500 relays

C. 1800 vacuum tubes and 1500 relays

• ENIAC = 1800-1500

36. Which of the following statements does not belong to the principles of Von Neumann architecture?

A. A computer uses a program counter to indicate the position of the next instruction

B. Computer memory is addressable

C. A computer can operate according to a stored program

D. Each instruction must have a memory area containing the address of the next instruction

D. Each instruction must have a memory area containing the address of the next instruction

• (not) Von architecture = Each instruction + (must)

37. The fifth generation of computers is called the:

A. Computers using ULSI and SoC chips

B. Computers using SSI, MSI, and LSI chips

C. Computers using VLSI chips

D. Computers using transistors

A. Computers using ULSI and SoC chips

• 5th gen = ULSI

38. According to the Von Neumann principle, to access a data block, we need to:

A. Determine the content of the data block

B. Determine the state of the data block

C. Determine the address and state of the data block

D. Determine the address of the data block

D. Determine the address of the data block

• Von principle = address

39. The basic components of a computer include:

A. Memory, CPU, and peripheral devices

B. Memory, CPU, I/O interface, and peripheral devices

C. Memory, CPU, and BUS

D. Memory, CPU, BUS, I/O interface, and peripheral devices

D. Memory, CPU, BUS, I/O interface, and peripheral devices

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. The instruction set is a collection of binary-encoded sequences for the operations that the computer can perform.

B. The data types are the types of data that the computer can process.

C. The instruction set architecture of a computer includes the instruction set, data types, and operating modes.

D. The instruction set is a collection of binary-encoded sequences for the operations that the computer can perform, placed in ROM.

C. The instruction set architecture of a computer includes the instruction set, data types, and operating modes.

• architecture of a computer

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. The instruction set architecture is the study of the computer from the programmer's perspective.

B. Each new form of computer organization must come with a new instruction set architecture.

C. Computer architecture includes two aspects: instruction set architecture (ISA) and computer organization.

D. Computer organization is the study of the hardware structure of the computer.

B. Each new form of computer organization must come with a new instruction set architecture.

• New form - new instruction set

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The instruction set architecture (ISA) changes slowly, and computer organization changes very quickly.

B. Computer organization changes according to changes in the instruction set architecture (ISA).

C. The instruction set architecture (ISA) changes quickly, and computer organization changes slowly.

D. The instruction set architecture (ISA) changes according to changes in computer organization.

A. The instruction set architecture (ISA) changes slowly, and computer organization changes very quickly.

• slowly

Considering the instruction set of a computer, which of the following statements is correct?

A. Each instruction is a set of characters created by the language designer.

B. The instruction set usually has an indefinite number of instructions depending on the size of the program.

C. An instruction of the processor is equivalent to an instruction in a high-level programming language.

D. Each processor has a specific instruction set.

D. Each processor has a specific instruction set.

For IEEE 754/85 standard, double numbers are representing by:

a. 16 bits

b. 64 bits

c. 80 bits

d. 32 bits

b. 64 bits

• 754 = 64

For registers (in CPU), which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Store temporary information

B. Programmers can change all content of the registers

C. They are the first level of the memory system

D. They are located in the processor

B. Programmers can change all content of the registers

• registers = Programmers

In terms of functionality, a computer memory system can have the following locations:

a. Inside CPU (registers), internal memory, external memory

b. Registers, ROM, Tape

c. Registers, Internal Memory, CD-ROM

d. Inside processor, RAM, magnetic disk

a. Inside CPU (registers), internal memory, external memory

Data exchange between peripheral devices and computers is carried out via:

a. Flag register

b. Control register

c. Port

d. AX register

c. Port

What is BCD code:

A. Code using binary bits to represent ASCII characters

B. Code using binary bits to represent hexadecimal digits

C. Code using binary bits to represent octal digits

D. Code using binary bits to represent decimal digits

D. Code using binary bits to represent decimal digits

• BCD = decimal

In the set-associative mapping technique, the address fields are:

a. Tag + Word + Set

b. Tag + Set + Word

c. Tag + Word

d. Tag + Line

b. Tag + Set + Word

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

a. Cache memory is faster than internal memory

b. RAM always has smaller capacity than Cache

c. Internal memory has a larger capacity than external memory

d. ROM memory is not random-access memory

a. Cache memory is faster than internal memory

• Cache > internal

Considering the control signals inside the CPU, which of the following statements is TRUE

a. Signals to transfer data from registers to ALU

b. Signals to transfer data from CPU to ALU

c. Signals to transfer data from ALU to memory

d. Signals to transfer data from memory to peripherals

a. Signals to transfer data from registers to ALU

• registers → ALU

For data registers (in the CPU), which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Multiple data registers are required

b. Contains integer or oating-point numbers

c. Contains only data of the stack memory

d. Contains temporary data or intermediate results

c. Contains only data of the stack memory

• data registers (f) = only data

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of RISC computers:

a. Large instruction set

b. Instruction execution time is one cycle

c. Most instructions access operands in registers

d. Fixed length instructions

a. Large instruction set

What is the function of the microprocessor in a computer?

A. Control the operation of peripheral devices

B. Read data from peripheral devices and write it to memory

C. Read data from memory, process it according to each instruction, and write the result to memory or peripheral devices

D. Read data from memory and write it to peripheral devices

C. Read data from memory, process it according to each instruction, and write the result to memory or peripheral devices

For the stack, which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. It is a memory area with FIFO (First In - First Out) structure

B. When adding data to the stack, the stack pointer decreases

C. The stack pointer always points to the top of the stack

D. It is a memory area with LIFO (Last In - First Out) structure

A. It is a memory area with FIFO (First In - First Out) structure

According to the IEEE 754/85 standard for double-extended precision floating-point representation, the length is:

A. 80 bits

B. 64 bits

C. 32 bits

D. 16 bits

A. 80 bits

Regarding ROM memory, which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. It always has a larger capacity than RAM

b. It is a random access memory

c. It allows data reading only

d. It is not used as Cache memory

a. It always has a larger capacity than RAM

• capacity : RAM > ROM

The characteristic of ROM is:

a. Stores more information than RAM

b. Used as Cache memory

c. Allows faster access than RAM

d. Content cannot be changed

d. Content cannot be changed

In modern computers, which of the following memory devices has the lowest access speed?

a. Hard disk

b. ROM

c. RAM

d. Cache

a. Hard disk

In computer representation, addition of signed integers gives incorrect results when:

A. Adding two numbers of the same sign results in a number of the opposite sign

B. Adding two numbers of different signs

C. Adding two positive numbers results in a negative number

D. Adding two negative numbers results in a positive number

A. Adding two numbers of the same sign results in a number of the opposite sign

What is the step that transform a program written in a high-level language such as C into assembly language for program?

a. Compiler

b. Transformer

c. Abstract

d. Assembler

a. Compiler

Which of the following are not types of computers?

a. Embedded Computers

b. Multicore microprocessors

c. Server Computers

d. Personal Mobile Devices

b. Multicore microprocessors

What is the step that transform assembly language for program into ?

a. Transformer

b. Abstract

c. Assembler

d. Compiler

c. Assembler

Which idea matches the concept of "Performance via Parallelism"?

a. Building self-driving cars whose control systems partially rely on existing sensor systems already installed into the base vehicle, such as lane departure systems and smart cruise control systems

b. Aircraft and marine navigation systems that incorporate wind information

c. Assembly lines in automobile manufacturing

d. Increasing the gate area on a CMOS transistor to decrease its switching time

c. Assembly lines in automobile manufacturing

Which idea matches the concept of Library reserve desk?

a. Use Abstraction to Simplify Design

b. Performance via Parallelism

c. Performance via Pipelining

d. Performance via Prediction

c. Performance via Pipelining

Which of the following is not one of the seven great ideas in computer architecture?

a. Hierarchy of Memories

b. Dependability via Redundancy

c. Use Abstraction to Simplify Design

d. Performance via Virtual Reality

d. Performance via Virtual Reality