Psychology schools, Important figures, Origin of psychology

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Last updated 4:26 AM on 2/22/25
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17 Terms

1
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Who were important early philosophers that explored human thought and behavior?
Plato and Aristotle.
2
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What was the belief of Phrenology in the 1800s?
The belief that skull shape determined personality traits.
3
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Who is considered the Father of Modern Psychology and established the first psychology lab?
Wilhelm Wundt.
4
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What method did Wilhelm Wundt use to study mental processes?
Introspection.
5
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What does Structuralism focus on, and who is it associated with?
Structuralism focuses on breaking down conscious experience into individual components and is associated with Titchener.
6
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Why was Structuralism abandoned?
It relied on introspection, which had difficulties with getting consistent responses.
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What psychological perspective was inspired by Charles Darwin's evolutionary theories?
Functionalism.
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What does Functionalism emphasize?
The purpose or function of behavior and consciousness.
9
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Who is known for rejecting the study of the mind and focusing on observable behavior?
John Watson, the founder of Behaviorism.
10
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What did the Gestalt School focus on?
Perception and how the mind perceives patterns and shapes.
11
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Who was the first woman elected President of the American Psychological Association (APA)?
Mary Whiton Calkins.
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Who was the first person to receive a Ph.D. in psychology and from whom?
Margaret Floy Washburn received her Ph.D. from Edward B. Titchener.
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What contributions did Christine Ladd-Franklin make to psychology?
She made great contributions to theories of color vision and focused on visual perception.
14
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What was Leta Stetter Hollingworth's research related to?
Her research showed no evidence that intelligence test scores differed between men and women.
15
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What popular belief about women's intellectual abilities did Hollingworth challenge?
The belief that women's intellectual abilities were affected by their menstrual cycles.
16
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Who studied racial differences in racial identity and self-concept and influenced Supreme Court rulings?
Mamie Phipps Clark.
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What landmark ruling drew upon Clark's work regarding school segregation?
The 1954 ruling in Brown v. Board of Education.