Honors ASAP bio chp.10 terms

Molecular biology

Study of heredity at the molecular level

X-ray crystallography

x-ray to get data to reveal basic shape of DNA

Double helix

rope ladder twisted into a spiral

Nucelotides

Thymine, adenine, cytosine and Guanine which are bases of DNA

Parental strand

orginal strand of DNA that will be copied

DNA polymerase

enzyme that adds the correct nucleotides to the new daughter strands

Semi conservative

when DNA copies itself each new strand is half old (parental) and half new (daughter strands)

Phenotype

physical traits determined by actions of protein

Genotype

organisms genetic makeup, the sequence of nucleotide bases in its DNA

Transcription

transfer genetic info from DNA to RNA in nucleus

Translation

transfer info from RNA to protein to ribosomes

Codon

triplet of bases and it codes for 1 amino acid

Initation

Rna polymerse attachs to a region on DNA called the promoter

Elongation

RNA polymerase continues to add bases and RNA strand grows larger, RNA peels away from DNA template

Terminator

signals the end of transcription

Promoter

nucelotide sequence that acts at the start transcribing signal

Termination

RNA polymers reaches sequence of DNA called the terminator

Replication

2 strands of parental DNA sperate at specfic site

mRNA

brings genetic message from nucleus to ribosomes

tRNA

acts as the interpreter, caries amino acid + ribosomes,
matches the correct amino acids to codon on the MRNA with its own anticodon

rRNA

made of rRNA, coordinate tRNA and mRNA made of 2 pieces (submits) makes proteins during translation

Lisage

glues any fragments together

Amino acids

monomers of a protein

Primase

puts down an RNA primer

Helicase

unzips 2 strands of DNA and SSBP’s hold them open