Video Notes: Modernity, Realism, and 19th-Century Art Movements

Vocabulary flashcards covering key movements, artists, and masterpieces from the video notes on Modernity, Realism, and 19th-century art.

Modernity

The state or condition of being modern; a broad cultural shift involving industrialization, urbanization, and rationalization.

Modernism

A late 19th to mid-20th-century artistic movement that breaks with tradition, experimenting with form, technique, and new subjects.

Neoclassicism

An 18th-century artistic movement inspired by ancient Greek and Roman art, emphasizing clarity, order, and moral seriousness.

Jacques-Louis David

Leading French Neoclassical painter who shaped late 18th-century style and morality; known for Oath of the Horatii.

Oath of the Horatii

1784 painting by David depicting three brothers swearing an oath to defend Rome; emblem of Neoclassical virtue and discipline.

Romanticism

18th–19th-century movement favoring emotion, imagination, individualism, and nature; often in reaction to Enlightenment ideals.

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

French Neoclassical painter famed for precise line and finish; creator of Grande Odalisque.

Grande Odalisque

1814 painting by Ingres featuring a reclining, elongated female figure; celebrated for its elegant line and exotic subject.

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes

Spanish painter bridging Romanticism and modernity; notable for expressive, socially charged works like Third of May 1808.

Third of May, 1808

1814–1815 painting by Goya portraying execution of Spaniards by French soldiers; a stark anti-war statement.

Realism

19th-century movement focused on portraying everyday life and ordinary people without idealization.

Gustave Courbet

Leading French Realist painter; known for The Stone Breakers and Burial at Ornans.

The Stone Breakers

1849 large Realist painting by Courbet showing two laborers; critique of poverty and labor.

Burial at Ornans

1849 Courbet painting depicting a rural funeral; monumental scale for genre subjects; a Realist milestone.

Barbizon School

French 1830s–1850s movement of landscape painters near Barbizon; emphasis on naturalism and rural life.

Jean-François Millet

French Realist painter who depicted peasant life; The Gleaners (1857) is among his famous works.

The Gleaners

1857 painting by Millet showing peasant women gathering leftover grain; social realist subject.

Rosa Bonheur

French Realist/academic painter renowned for animal subjects; TheHorse Fair exemplifies her meticulous realism.

The Horse Fair

1853–1855 painting by Rosa Bonheur depicting horses at a fair; celebrated for anatomical accuracy and scale.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

1848 English reform movement seeking intricate detail, vibrant color, and moral or literary subjects, pre-Raphaelite style.

John Everett Millais

English painter and prominent Pre-Raphaelite; Christ in the House of his Parents (1850) sparked controversy for realism.

Christ in the House of his Parents (The Carpenter's Shop)

1850 painting by Millais illustrating the nativity scene with intense detail; noted for its realism.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

English painter and poet, founding member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood; Beata Beatrix (c. 1863) honors Beatrice Portinari.

Beata Beatrix

Circa 1863 painting by Rossetti; a memorial portrait of his wife Beatrice, rich in symbolism.

Aesthetic Movement

Late 19th-century movement prioritizing art for art’s sake, beauty over moral or social purpose.

Utagawa Hiroshige

Prominent Japanese ukiyo-e artist known for landscape prints; Peacock Perched on a Maple Tree in Autumn exemplifies his style.

Peacock Perched on a Maple Tree in Autumn

Circa 1833 print by Hiroshige illustrating delicate color and nature-inspired subject matter.

John Abbott McNeill Whistler

American-born British painter associated with the Aesthetic Movement; Nocturne in Black and Gold is a key work.

Nocturne in Black and Gold (The Falling Rocket)

Circa 1875 painting by Whistler; an abstract, tonal nocturne that sparked major critical controversy.