Metabolism and Energy in Cells (Video Notes)

Study flashcards cover key concepts from the notes: metabolism, anabolic vs catabolic pathways, ATP, NADH/FADH2 as electron carriers, glycolysis basics (location, anaerobic nature, outputs), and the role of glucose.

What is metabolism?

Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism; cells use and transform matter and energy.

What are the two main branches of metabolism?

Anabolism and Catabolism.

What is Anabolism?

Assembly of larger molecules from smaller ones; build up reactions; requires energy input (ATP).

What is Catabolism?

Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones; releases energy to do work; yields ATP.

What is ATP?

Adenosine triphosphate; the energy currency of the cell.

What does NADH stand for and what is its role?

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its reduced form; acts as an electron carrier.

What does FADH2 stand for and what is its role?

Flavin adenine dinucleotide in its reduced form; acts as an electron carrier.

Where does glycolysis occur?

In the cytosol (cytoplasm) of the cell.

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

Anaerobic (does not require oxygen).

What are the products of glycolysis per glucose molecule?

Net 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules.

What is glycolysis?

The breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules; occurs in the cytosol; yields energy carriers and ATP.

What is glucose?

A sugar molecule (monosaccharide) that serves as the starting substrate for glycolysis.