Med Term Ch 18

adrenal cortex

outer section of gland above each kidney, secretes cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormone

adrenal medulla

inner section of gland above kidney, secretes epinephrine

ovaries

located in lower abdomen of female, responsible for egg cell production and estrogen secretion

pancreas

organ located behind stomach, has alpha and beta islet cells, secretes hormones

parathyroid glands

four small glands on posterior of thyroid gland

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

endocrine structure that is located at base of brain in sell turcica

testes

two glands enclosed in scrotal sac of male

thyroid gland

located in neck on either side of trachea, secretes thyroxin

adrenaline (epinephrine)

stress hormone produced within adrenal gland that quickens heartbeat, strengthens force of heart’s contraction

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenocorticotropin

hormone that stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete hormone; secreted by anterior lob of pituitary gland

aldosterone

hormone secreted by adrenal cortex, increases salt reabsorption by the kidney

androgen

hormone producing or stimulating male characteristics (testosterone)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland, causes water to be retained in body naturally

calcitonin

hormone secreted by thyroid gland, lowers blood calcium

cortisol

secreted by adrenal cortex, increases blood sugar

epinephrine (adrenaline)

hormone secreted by adrenal medulla, raises blood pressure, elevated heart rate and dilates airways, sympathomimetic

estradiol

develops and maintains female sex characteristics, female hormone secreted by ovaries

estrogen

hormone secreted by ovary and adrenal cortex

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

secreted by anterior lob of pituitary gland, stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by ovaries

glucagons

hormone from pancreas assembles sugar from starch sugar to be released into bloodstream when blood sugar levels are low

growth hormone (GH), somatotropin

hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland, stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

insulin

hormone secreted by pancreas, helps transport glucose to cells and decreases blood sugar

luteinizing hormone (LH)

secreted by pituitary gland to promote ovulation

norepinephrine

hormone or neurotransmitter secreted by adrenal medulla which increases heart and blood pressure

oxytoci (OT)

hormone secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland or neurohypophysis, stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth

parathromone (PTH)

secreted by parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium

progesterone

hormone secreted by ovaries, prepares uterus for pregnancy

prolactin (PRL)

hormone secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland that promotes growth of breast tissue and stimulates milk production and secretion

testosterone

male hormone secreted by testes, promotes growth and maintenance of male sex characteristics

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin

secretion of hormone from anterior pituitary gland that stimulates endocrine gland in neck

thyroxine (T4)

secreted by thyroid gland, increases metabolism in body cells

triiodothyronine (T3)

thyroid gland hormone containing three atoms of iodine

vasopressin

hormone secreted by posterior part of pituitary gland, increases reabsorption of water, synthetic form and made into medicine

catecholamines

hormone derived from amino acid and secreted by adrenal medulla, epinephrine

corticosteroids

steroid hormones secreted by adrenal cortex; cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones

electrolyte

mineral salt found in blood and tissues, potassium and sodium

glucocorticoid

steroid hormone secreted by adrenal cortex, regulates sugars, fats, protein metabolism

homeostasis

state of equilibrium of body’s internal environment, tendency of organism to maintain constant internal environment

hormone

body’s chemical messenger that are secreted from endocrine glands and directly into blood

hypothalamus

region of brain lying below thalamus, secrete factors and hormones that affect pituitary gland

mineralocorticoid

steroid hormone secreted by adrenal cortex, regulates mineral salts and water balance

receptor

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to hormone so that response can be elicited

sella turcica

cavity in skull that contains pituitary gland

sex hormones

controls sexual maturity and reproduction

steroid

organic (containing carbon) compound with ring structure, bile acids, vitamin D, certain hormones

sympathomimetic

mimicking or copying effect of sympathetic nervous system, epinephrine (adrenaline)

target tissue

cells of organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

aden/o

gland

adrenal/o

adrenal glands

gonad/o

sex glands (ovaries, testes)

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

pituitar/o

pituitary gland, hypophysis

thyr/o

thyroid gland

thyroid/o

thyroid gland

andr/o

male

calc/o, calic/o

calcium

cortic/o

cortex, outer region

crin/o

secrete

dips/o

thirst

estr/o

female

gluc/o, glyc/o

sugar

home/o

sameness

hormone/o

hormone

kal/o

potassium

lact/o

milk

myx/o

mucus

natr/o

sodium

phys/o

growing

somat/o

body

ster/o

solid structure

toc/o

childbirth

toxic/o

poison

ur/o

urine

-agon

assemble, gather together

-emia

blood condition

-in, -ine

substance

-tropin

stimulating function of

-uria

urine condition

eu-

good, normal

hyper-

excessive, above

hypo-

deficient, below

oxy-

rapid, sharp, acid

pan-

all

poly-

much, increased

tetra-

four

tri-

three

goiter

enlargement of thyroid gland

adrenal virilism

excessive secretion of adrenal gland androgens

cushing syndrome

group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from adrenal cortex

addison disease

hypofunctioning of adrenal cortex

pheochromocytoma

benign tumor of adrenal medulla