Lesson 3: Processing data: Transforming data into information into information

Data Bank

a store of a large amount of information in a form that can be handled by a computer.

Data capture

any process for converting information into a form that can be handled by a computer.

data dictionary

it is an index of data held in database and used to assist in the access to data directory.

data pen

a device for reading or scanning magnetically coded data on labels, packets.

data processing

a sequence of operations performed on data esp. by computer.

data set

another name for a set of computer files.

data structure

an organized form, such as an array list or string,in which related data items are held in a computer.

Big data

a massive collection of digital data whose analysis allows us to predict pattern and behaviors.

data diddling

fraudulent changing of data before or during entry into the computer.

digital archive

virtual storing of data

interactive database system

process of storing data in files based on the interaction between data

cyber terrorism

the attack on computers, networks and other with the intent of intimidate

digital footprints

is a track left by users in the form of data in the process of transmission of information online.

doxxing

publishing personal data about people especially on the internet

software proposal

detailed-oriented document

software piracy

intentional copy and use of a software product without the permission of its owner

number

to a computer everything is a

electronic switches

in a computer all data is represented by the state of computer

ASCII

AMERICAN STANDARD FOR INFPRMATION INTERCHANCE

Extended ASCII

the 8 bit code specifies the character for values from 128 to 256

Unicode

represent more than 4 billion different character or symbol

integer

each interger is represented in binary

characters

usually one byte (8 bits)

cpu and memory

both located in motherboard

RAM

IT IS THE MEMORY OF THE COMPUTER.

CPU

the brain of the computer

CPU

a single unit called a microprocessor

control unit

the cpu instruction for carrying out commands are built in it

arithmetic operation

operation which includes addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

logical operation

operation tha include comparison, such determining wither one number is equal , less than or greater than.

batch processing

known as series or sequential

online processing

part of the automatic processing method. This
method, at times, known as direct or random-access processing. Under this method,
the job received by the system is processed at the same time as receiving. This can
be considered and often mixed with real-time processing.

Real-Time Processing

this method is used for carrying out real-time processing.
This is required where the results are displayed immediately or at the lowest time
possible.
requires the
use of an internet connection, and data is stored/used online

Distributed Processing

This method is commonly utilized by remote workstations connected to one big central
workstation or server. ATMs are good examples of this data processing method.

Multi-Processing

Multi-processing perhaps is the most widely used type of data processing.
Multi-processing makes use of many parallel CPUs, which have two or more CPUs.

Time-sharing

The time-based use of CPU is the core of this data processing type. Multiple users
use a single CPU. All users share the same CPU, but the time allocated to all users
might differ.

Fetch

Retrieve an instruction from memory

Decode

Translate the retrieved instruction into a series of computer commands.

Execute

Execute the computer commands

Store

Send and write the results back in memory

RAM

Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information
temporarily, like RAM

SDRAM

Synchronous DRAM, is a type of memory that
synchronizes itself with the computer's system clock

DDR RAM

DDR is a memory that was first introduced in
1996 and has since been replaced by DDR2. DDR utilizes both the rising and falling edge of
the system clock, potentially doubling the speed of memory

DDR2 RAM

Short for double data rate two, DDR2 is the second generation of DDR
memory that was released in September 2003. DDR2 can operate at more incredible speeds
than DDR, offers a tremendous bandwidth potential, operates on less power, and generates
less heat

DDR3 RAM

Short for double data rate three, DDR3 is a type of DRAM (dynamic
random-access memory) released in June 2007 as the successor to DDR2. DDR3 chips
have a bus clock speed of 400 MHz up to 1066 MHz, range in size from 1 to 24 GB, and
consume nearly 30% less power than their predecessors

SIMM

Short for the single in-line memory module, SIMM is a memory module developed
by Wang Laboratories in 1983. The SIMM circuit board that holds six to nine memory
chips per board.