Native American History

Paleontology

The study of history through fossil remains

Archaeology

The study of human history and prehistory through artifacts

Traces

Objects left behind that can be used to learn about the past. Examples: tools and clothing

Fossils

Remains of a prehistoric organism

Artifacts: Anasazi

stone structures, pueblos, pottery, baskets with fibers

Artifacts: Fremont

pithouses, bows & arrows, baskets, stone figures, rock imagery

Artifacts: Archaic

wickiups, caves, baskets, atlatl, grinding stones (for flour)

Artifacts: Paleo

hides for clothing/shelter, spears

Why did early Native people move from place to place?

When more resources were needed, harsh climate, lack of food/water, forced out by other tribes

Facts: Aztec

rafts, human sacrifices, pyramids, calendar, temples

Facts: Anasazi

Pueblo cities, turquoise jewelry (trade), kivas

Facts: Inca

Machu Picchu, 15000 miles of paved roads, discovered potato, pyramids, mummies, temples

Facts: Maya

Temples, written language, pyramids, advanced calendar

Facts: Hopewell

Manmade mounds, mainly farmers

Facts: Olmec

Pyramids, “mother culture”, (earliest culture in Mexico)

Facts: Mississippi

Built mounds, farmed by Mississippi River, mounds used for burial

Which Native American culture group lives here?

Northwest

Which tribe lives here?

Shoshone

Which tribes live in Wiki-ups?

Paiute, Goshute, Archaic

Which tribes live in Teepees?

Shoshone, Ute

Which tribes live in Pithouses?

Fremont

Which tribes live in Pueblos?

Anasazi (ancestral pueblo)

Which tribes live in Hogans?

Navajo

Economic Activities: Ute

Often enslaved Goshute and Paiutes, horses after European exploration

Economic Activities: Goshute

no horses because they were based on agriculture and not hunting buffalo, nicknamed the “root diggers”

Economic Activities: Navajo

raised sheep for wool blankets

Economic Activities: Paiute

no horses, based on agriculture, not hunting buffalo

Economic Activities: Shoshone

horses after European exploration, often enslaved Goshutes and Paiutes

What historic tribe was nicknamed the “root diggers”?

Goshutes

What is an oral history?

Spoken accounts rather than or in conjunction with written records passed down through generations

What were the purposes of oral histories?

Oral histories were used to teach children lessons and explain life.

Who was the trickster in Goshute oral histories?

Coyote

How was Native American culture connected to climate and geography?

Climate and geography determined many things in Native American culture such as beliefs (believed in certain Gods based on the climate e.g. rain God), clothing (dressed for the weather), activities (what things they could do based on the weather and the landscape), food (what was available in that region or area for them to eat).

Climate

weather conditions in a specific area over a period of time

Culture

specific groups of people, the beliefs, arts and lifestyles of that group

Barter

The action of exchanging goods or services without using money

Indigenous

originating or occurring naturally in a particular place

Which tribe lives here?

Navajo

Which tribe lives here?

Utes

Which tribe lives here?

Goshute

Which tribe lives here?

Paiute

Which Native American culture group lives here?

Northeast

Which Native American culture group lives here?

Southeast

Which Native American culture group lives here?

Great Plains

Which Native American culture group lives here?

Southwest

Which Native American culture group lives here?

Great Basin

Which Native American culture group lives here?

California

Which Native American culture group lives here?

Plateau