CSUF ISDS 351 Exam 1 Mark Perew

What are the Five Component Model?

People, Process, Data, Software, and Hardware

Hardware and software that allow people to follow a process

Information System

Types of information system

Personal, Workgroup, Enterprise, and interorganizational

Improves productivity of individual users in performing stand alone tasks

Personal

Enables people to work together effectively

Workgroup

Facilitates organization wide business needs

Enterprise

Support the flow of data among organizations to achieve shared goals

Interorganizational IS

5 Value Chain

1. Inbound logistics

2. Operations

3. Outbound logistics

4. Marketing and sales

Suppliers raw material and transportation

Inbound logistics

Receiving storage manufacturing

Operations

Storage shipping

Outbound logistics

Advertising promoting selling

Marketing and sales

Customer service

Service

Managerial process designed to identify initiatives and projects to achieve organizational objectives

Strategic planning

Benefits of Strategic planning

Provides a framework and clear direction

IS and solutions built and deployed by department outside of the IS department

Shadow IT

Enables business managers to quickly create highly innovative solutions to real business problems and to test out these solutions

Shadow IT

Porter's Five Forces Model

Buyers, Suppliers, Substitutes and Potential entrants

Helps managers identity desired outcomes and formulate feasible plans to achieve objectives

Why leaders must understand Information Systems

3 types of Dealing with Change

1. Inward looking

2. Business focused

3. Outward looking

Benefits of strategic planning

1. Provides a framework and a clear direction

2. Ensures most efficient use of organization

3. Allows organization to take advantage of opportunities and trends

6 types of Strategic Project Types

1. Breakthrough

2. Growth

3. Innovation

4. Enhancement

5. Maintenance

6. Mandatory

Competitive advantage

Big Potential ROI

Breakthrough

Good potential ROI - High cost and potential Risk

Growth

Budget & time box - establish

Innovation

Upgrade existing IS - manage scope and cost

Enhancement

Update to technology - manage time and quality

Maintenance

Legal/regulatory requirement - must do

Mandatory

Strategic Project Benefits

1. Eliminate ineffective IS service

2. Implement corporate database

3. Provide new ways to interact with organization

Vision, Mission, Goals

1. Reduce IS costs, improve service

2. Control Cost, expand services

3. Make investment to deliver new product and service

Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use strongly influence whether someone will use an information system.

Technology Acceptance Model

Explain how a new idea or product gains acceptance and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or subset of an organization

Diffusion of Innovation Theory

Pros and cons of subscribe

Pros:

More cost effective, can update, technical support available

Con:

Cannot be modified to match organizations needs

Pros and cons of Build

Pros:

Soft can be acquired and used quickly

Con:

Software may not be a good match to organizations needs and maintenance and support costs may be expensive

Pros and cons of Buy

Pros:

Good match to organizations needs

Con:

Cost can be quite high, customized software can take months or even years to deploy

Gain a clear understanding of the specific of the problem to solve or the opportunity to address

System investigation

Gathering data on existing system

System Analysis

4 types of User acceptance testing

1. Integration testing

2. System testing:

3. Volume testing

4. User acceptance testing

linking individual components together and testing them as a group to uncover any defects

Integration testing

testing the complete, integrated system to validate that the information system meets all specified requirements

System testing

evaluating the performance of the information system under varying yet realistic work volume and operating conditions

Volume testing:

verifies that the system can complete required tasks in a real world operating environment and perform according to the system design specifications

User acceptance testing:

Steps involved in implementation

Preparing user

Preparing site

Location for the hardware associated with the new system

Installation

Using the new or modified system under all kinds of operating conditions

Operation

changing and enhancing the system to make it more useful in achieving user and organizational goals

Maintenance:

Activities ensuring the orderly dissolution of the system

Disposal

Established set of rules and definitions that govern how devices communicate

Networks

Established standard for behavior

Protocols

TCP/IP Suite

Transmission control protocol / internet protocol

The core on which internetworked computing operates

Based on the open systems interconnection

Defined by the internet engineering task force

TCP/IP Suite

7 layers of OSI Model

1. Physical

2. Data Link

3. Network

4. Transport

5. Session

6. Presentation

7. Application

Physical connection

Physical

Error free physical communication

Data link

Getting packets back and forth

Network

Reliable message handling

Transport

Host to host communication

Session

Formatting data

Presentation

Services to user

Application

Layer 1-3:

Network

Layer 4-7:

Host

Network business enablers

online commerce, data flows, apps, online work / education

Network business risk

data breach, outrage, malware, cybercrime

Network of physical objects embedded with sensors, processors, software and network connectivity

Internet of Things

Example of Metering

Thermostat

Example of monitoring

Pet doors & baby monitors

Example of programming

Lights

Example of Operating

Smart Cars

Industrial machinery

Three types of webs

Surface

Deep

Dark

Surface webs example

Google, youtube

Deep webs example

Student database

Payroll

banking

Dark webs example

Cyber crime tools

Stolen passwords

Weapons

Temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product service or result

Projects

Attributes of Projects

Unique purpose

Temporary

Risks and require resources

The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements

Project managers

Triple constraints

Project scope (The work that needs to be done)

Time

Cost goals

People involved in or affected by project activities

Sponsor

Manager

Customers

Suppliers

3 Reasons why technology project succeed

1. Adequate funding

2. Staff expertise

3. Engagement from all stakeholders

3 Reasons why technology project fail

1. Did Not communicate costs correctly

2. Skills available was not communicated effectively

3. Requirements and expectations were not communicated clearly

Subject matter expert

Human relations skills

Suggested Skills for project managers

Importance of leadership skills

mportance of leadership skills

Focuses on long term goals and big pictures

Deal day to day details

Take on the role of both leader and manager

Lead by example

Project management concepts aren't complicated, it's the implementation that is hard

Projects cannot be run in isolation

3 types of System view of project management

1. Systems philosophy

2. Systems analysis

3. Systems management

Overall model for thinking about things as systems

Systems philosophy:

Problem solving approach

Systems analysis

Address business, technological and organizational issues before making changes to systems

Systems management

3 Organizational structures

1. Functional

2. Project

3. Matrix

Reports to the CEO

Functional and project

Middle ground between functional and project structures; personnel often report to two or more bosses; structure can be weak, balanced or strong matrix

Matrix

Set of shared assumptions, values and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization

Organizational Culture

3 Collection of project phases that defines

1. What work will be performed in each phase

2. What deliverable will be produced and when

3. Who is involved in each phase

Larger scope =

Longer time

Longer Time =

Higher cost

Project management knowledge area that helps teams work together more seamlessly

Project Integration

Document detailing projects purpose, scope, stakeholders, objectives and comprehensive plan

Project Charter

Accounting tool that captures the net value of an investment at the current instant in time by taking the sum of the discounted cash flow less the current investment

NPV

Value of the investment versus its cost

ROI