prokaryotic cells + viruses

includes replication x

what is a bacterial cell wall made up of?

murein (peptidoglycan)

list 8 ways in which prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells

• much smaller

• 'cytoplasm lacks membrane bound organelles

• smaller ribosomes (70S)

• no nucleus - instead have a single circular DNA molecule which is free in the cytoplasm and not associated w/ protein

• murein cell wall

• have 1≤ plasmids (some)

• have a capsule surrounding the cell (some)

• have 1≤ flagella (some)

what are the 3 main structural components of a virus?

• genetic material

• capsid

• attachment protein

  

what are the 5 main features of viruses (generally)?

• invade host cells

• have a genome - different types/variations of DNA and RNA

• capsid (protein coat) surrounds viral genome

• have attachment proteins on capsid surface to allow virus to bind to host cell

• extremely small

name the 7 key structural components of a general bacterial cell

• flagellum

• genetic material (circular and plasmids)

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

• capsule

• murein cell wall

• cell membrane

describe the process of binary fission:

• circular DNA and plasmids replicate (main DNA loop only replicated once but plasmids can be replicated many times)

• cell grows and DNA loops move to opposite poles of cell

• cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walls begin to form

• cytoplasm divides and 2 daughter cells are produced w/ 1 copy of circular DNA but a variable no. of copies of plasmids

how do viruses replicate themselves (generally)?

• use attachment proteins to bind to complementary receptor proteins on cell surface membrane

• inject DNA/RNA into host cell - organelles help to replicate viral particles