Cardiovascular A+P Brooklyn (copy)

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Blood is what % plasma

55%

Plasma is what % water

90%

what is the other 10% of plasma made of?

proteins

What % of blood are cells

45

what are the cells in the blood made of

RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

Total blood volume

6 quarts/12 pints

RBCs are also known as

erythrocytes

Erythrocyte purpose

contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen

WBCs are also known as

leukocytes

leukocytes purpose

fighting infection

platelets are also known as

thrombocytes

thrombocyte purpose

aid in clotting

Provides oxygen to tissues, returns carbon dioxide to lungs, and gives RBCs their red color

hemoglobin

Indications of infection, cancer of bone marrow or lymph tissue, high number of immature/abnormal WBCs that cannot fight of infection are signs of which kind of abnormal lab

high white blood cell counts

chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell/bone marrow transplants

treatment for high white blood cell counts

fatigue, dyspnea, pallor, or rapid heart rate

symptoms of anemia

too few RBCs or too little Hemoglobin

causes of anemia

iron supplements, B12 injections, or blood transfusions

anemia treatment

Lack of thrombocytes causes

hemorrhaging or profuse bleeding

low platelet count

thrombocytopenia

most muscular and elastic muscle

arteries

largest artery in the body

aorta

arteries carry _______ blood throughout the body ______ the heart

oxygenated, towards

heart arteries

coronary arteries

separates the ventricles of the heart

interventricular sulcus

divides the atria and the ventricles

coronary sulcus

heart arteries that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscles

coronary arteries

the ONLY artery that carries deoxygenated blood

pulmonary artery

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart

pulmonary artery

Lasrtest, strongest, and most elastic artery in the body

Aorta

Largest vein in the body

vena cava

moves blood to the heart

vein

carry oxygenated blood throughout the body

veins

consists of defective valves/ varicose veins/ hemorrhoids

veins

small arteries that move blood to the organs to provide organs

arterioles

small veins that moves blood from the capillaries after oxygen is exchanged

venules

tiny and one cell thick where the slow exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs; connects arteries to veins

capillaries

Heart is the size of what

apple

Heart is very ______, and Is made up of _______ and _______

muscular, chambers, valves

Normal pulse

60-100 bpm

Tachycardia

over 100 bpm

Bradycardia

less than 60 BPM

sac enveloping the heart

pericardium

thin, outermost layer of the heart that prevents friction

epicardium

is a thick muscular layer of heart beneath the epicardium made of cardiac muscle

myocardium

innermost layer of the heart

endocardium

the heart has how many chambers?

4

The blunt lower edge of the heart

apex

natural pacemaker of the heart

SA (sinoatrial) node

collects impulses of generated from the SA nodes so the atrium contracts before the ventricle

AV (atrioventricular) node

conducts impulses from the SA node so the atrium can contract

Bundle of His

where the ventricles relax and impulses travel from the bottom to the top of the ventricle

Purkinje fibers

Heart’s Conducting System

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, purkinje Fibers

contraction phase of the heart

systole/systolic pressure

relaxation phase of the heart

diastole/diastolic pressure

lub sound

closing of bi/tricuspid valves

dub sound

closing of pulmonic/aortic valves

turbulent blood flow

murmur

test that measures the hearts electrical activity

EKG/ECG

stents that open clogged blood vessels that deliver blood to our heart muscles

Cardiac stents

long tube that shows blockages (dye injected), measures pressure, oxygen levels, pumping function, biopsy, or heart valve function

Cardiac Catheterization

Surgery to restore blood flow to an obstructed coronary artery by creating a new path

Cardiac Bypass Surgery/CABG

Inadequate number of RBC or low Hgb levels or both

Anemia

Hemorrhaging (blood lodd), iron deficiency, chemotherapy, aplastic anemia (injury to bone marrow), sickle cell disease

causes of anemia

Brain cells deprived of oxygen due to hemorrhage or ischemia (blood clot)

Cerebrovascular Accident/CVA/Stroke

anticoagulants, anti-hypertensives, TPA to dissolve dissolve the clot

Tx for CVA

Muscle death called by partial or complete blockages of one or more of the coronary arteries

Myocardial Infarction/Heart attack

chest pain caused by coronary heart disease

Angina Pectoralis

Inability of the heart to pump enough blood causing congestion in the tissues and the lungs

Congestive Heart Failure

Atherosclerosis

Abnormal condition of stiffening/hardening of artery walls due to fatty deposits leading to loss of elasticity

High Blood Pressure

Hypertension/HTN

often asymptomatic and known as the “silent killer”

Hypertension

Saclike widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall; can occur anywhere in the circulatory system

aneurysm

Condition of narrowed blood vessels that reduce blood flow to the limbs

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)