Anti-Nutrients and Aflatoxins

Aflatoxicosis / Mycotoxicosis

condition caused by the toxins produced by molds that grow on feeds. All birds and mammals can get this infection.

Aflatoxin

Group of metabolites of mycotoxins found in animal feed held under mold-producing conditions

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin Inhibitor (Protease)

●Raw soybean, Wheat, Barley
●Causes pancreatic hypertrophy and dietary loss of appetite

Glucans

●Oats, Barley
●Viscous gummy carbohydrates that are poorly digested and lower the digestible energy in feeds

Alpha-amylase inhibitor

●Barley, Wheat, Rye
●Hinders carbohydrate utilization

Lectins (Phytohemagglutinin)

●Raw soybeans

●Causes Growth depression, releases digestive enzymes into the feces

Phytate (Phytic acid)

●Exists in all feeds derived from plants called phytin (Cereal Grains, Legumes, Oilseeds and Nuts)

●Reduces mineral and protein availability

Gossypol (Polyphenolic aldehyde)

●Causes olive green yolk in stored egg

●Controlled by heating and adding Fe salt

Tannins

●Sorghum, rapeseed meal

●Reduce protein digestibility and inhibit enzymes

Cyanogen or HCN

●Cassava

●Poisoning

Sinapine

●Canola

●Fishy odor in egg

Saponin

●Alfalfa

●Injury to digestive mucosa

Mimosine

●Ipil-ipil leave

●Alopecia and sterility in breeding animals

Glucosinolates (Goitrogens)

●Rapeseed, Canola meal

●Inhibit Iodine-binding to thyroid gland and induce goiter

●Responsible for “hot taste” in mustard and horse Raddish

Pectins

●Impair nutrient absorption, causes diarrhea and poor growth,

Soyin

●Soybean meal

●Lowers appetite and a trypsin inhibitor which reduces availability of methionine and cystine

Ergot Alka

●Rye and Triticale

●Produced by Claviceps fungi that causes gangrene, abortion, agalactia, gain in weight and FCR