Structure of a Cell

Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells

Pilli

Hair-like structures used to connect multiple cells

Flagellium

Tail used for propulsion

Ribosomes

Produces proteins (small)

Nucleus

Contains DNA (control center)

Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance that holds organelles

Cell/Plasma Membrane

Regulates movement in and out of cells

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes

Nuclear membrane

Regulates movement in and out of nucleus

Lysosome

Digestive system in animal cells. Breaks down polymers into monomers, recycles worn out cell parts, apoptosis

Mitochondria

Converts food energy into usable energy (powerhouse)

Cytoskeleton

Gives cell shape and movement

Golgi apparatus

Sorts, modifies, and packages materials for transport

Vacuoles

Stores food, water, and waste

Vesicles

Smaller vacuoles

Centrioles

Parts in animal cells that aid in cell division

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Makes proteins

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Makes lipid membranes, steroid hormones, detoxifies, and transports

Cell wall

Outer layer in plant cells used for protection and support

Chloroplasts

Converts energy from the sun to food energy

Prokaryotic cells

Simplest cells (bacteria)

Eukaryotic cells

Cells with a nucleus

Basic parts

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, and nucleus

The plant has a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. The animal has centrioles and lysosomes.

5 Differences between plants and animal cells

Compound microscopes

2 lenses

Simple microscopes

1 lense

Ocular lense

10x magnification

Objective lense

Changes depending on rotation

Lowest objective lense

Largest FOV

reversed

The microscope image is...

Cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 >>>> 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP

Mitochondria and enzymes

Things involved in cellular respiration

Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2o >>> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Light and chlorophyll

Things involved in photosynthesis