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Thinking Geographically
Understanding the reciprocal relationship between humans and the physical world.
Environmental Determinism
The theory that society develops based on environment and climate.
Success or Failure of Society
Determined by the environment, excluding human influence.
Criticism of Environmental Determinism
Promotes colonialism and Euro-centrism; overlooks human agency in societal success.
Environmental Possibilism
Acknowledges the environment's impact but emphasizes human adaptability and control over destiny.
Human Manipulation of Environment
People can change and adapt their surroundings to meet their needs.
Limits of Environmental Determinism
Supports pro-colonialism and neglects advancements in non-European cultures.
Possibilism
Suggests that the natural environment limits options, but choices depend on needs and available technology.
Challenges of Possibilism
Difficulty in determining carrying capacity and the ability to exceed environmental limits with technology.
Sustainability
The responsible use of Earth's resources to ensure future availability.
Pillars of Sustainability
Environment, Society, and Economy.
Renewable Resource (Flow Resource)
A resource that can be replenished after use.
Non-renewable Resource
A resource that is limited and cannot be used sustainably.
Global Energy Sources
80% of the world's energy comes from non-renewable resources, including coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas.
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