APHUG 1.3

Thinking Geographically

Understanding the reciprocal relationship between humans and the physical world.

Environmental Determinism

The theory that society develops based on environment and climate.

Success or Failure of Society

Determined by the environment, excluding human influence.

Criticism of Environmental Determinism

Promotes colonialism and Euro-centrism; overlooks human agency in societal success.

Environmental Possibilism

Acknowledges the environment's impact but emphasizes human adaptability and control over destiny.

Human Manipulation of Environment

People can change and adapt their surroundings to meet their needs.

Limits of Environmental Determinism

Supports pro-colonialism and neglects advancements in non-European cultures.

Possibilism

Suggests that the natural environment limits options, but choices depend on needs and available technology.

Challenges of Possibilism

Difficulty in determining carrying capacity and the ability to exceed environmental limits with technology.

Sustainability

The responsible use of Earth's resources to ensure future availability.

Pillars of Sustainability

Environment, Society, and Economy.

Renewable Resource (Flow Resource)

A resource that can be replenished after use.

Non-renewable Resource

A resource that is limited and cannot be used sustainably.

Global Energy Sources

80% of the world's energy comes from non-renewable resources, including coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas.