P2-OD-EXTRAORAL DIAGNOSIS SAS

Abnormalities Apparent Through General Observation are

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

Arthritis

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Neuromuscular Disorders

Vital Signs Irregularities

Vital Signs Irregularities are

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

Irregular pulse

degenerative disorder of the central nervous system

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

Parkinson's Disease (PD) classic signs include

body rigidity, short dragging footsteps, and trembling hands

Examples of arthritis

osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis may affect multiple joints of the body, causing

difficulty in gripping, walking and in head and neck movement

CVA is also known as a

Stroke

occurs when there is a disruption in the blood supply and oxygen deprivation to a portion of the brain, causing the death of some brain cells

CVA

CVA occurs when there is a

disruption in the blood supply and oxygen deprivation to a portion of the brain, causing the death of some brain cells

immediate cause of the disruption is

blood clot or thrombus

In the dental setting, the patient may manifest

aphonia, dysphonia, and hemiplegia

group of diseases related to either muscles, nerves, or both that result in impaired movement and, with some conditions, sensory or other neurologic dysfunctions

Neuromuscular Disorders

Example of Neuromuscular Disorders

multiple sclerosis, Huntington disease, myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, and idiopathic inflammatory myositis

hypertension has no known cause, it may be identified as

essential hypertension, primary hypertension, or idiopathic hypertension

Hypertension is a risk factor for

heart attack, stroke, and chronic kidney disease

major public health concern

high prevalence and low rate of diagnosis and treatment

high blood pressure reading in the dental clinic may indicate the presence of a significant cardiovascular conditions such as

left ventricular hypertrophy, aortic stenosis, or conduction defects

antihypertensive medications have adverse oral effects, most notably is

hyposalivation

arrhythmia includes

rhythm, intensity, rate abnormalities

group of conditions characterized by an irregular heartbeat

Arrhythmia

Severe arrhythmia can be precipitated by i

intense pain or by a variety of drugs or drug-drug interactions

a severe ventricular fibrillation

Torsade de pointe (Tdp)

Abnormalities Apparent on the Hands or Exposed Skin Surfaces

Arthritic Hands

Ecchymosis

Splinter Hemorrhages

Pitting (or Dependent) Edema

Nevi

Seborrheic Keratosis

Solar (or Actinic) Cheilosis and Solar Keratosis

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCCA)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCCA)

Melanoma

Urticaria

Angioedema

Contact Dermatitis (Dermatitis Medicamentosa)

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

can be signs of many autoimmune diseases

Swollen and inflamed joints

sign of an acquired or hereditary bleeding disorder

Bruises on the skin

Ecchymosis can also be a result of

trauma or physical abuse

dots or vertical streaks of hemorrhages under the nails

Splinter Hemorrhages

the most common cause for Splinter Hemorrhages

Nail trauma

Examples of systemic diseases that cause splinter hemorrhages

nail psoriasis, endocarditis, and systemic lupus erythematosus

medications that have been reported to cause splinter hemorrhages

Aspirin and warfarin

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space of lower limb tissue

Pitting (or Dependent) Edema

Pitting (or Dependent) Edema may occur during

pregnancy

congestive heart failure, kidney failure, or liver cirrhosis

most common benign tumors of the skin consist of clusters of nevus cells in the epidermis or dermis.

Nevi

nevi can be differentiated from other common benign lesions of skin, such as

dermatosis papulosa nigra or seborrheic keratosis

malignant melanoma, pigmented basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma

light or dark brown lesions that are flat or slightly elevated on the skin of older individuals

Seborrheic Keratosis

usually less than 1 cm in diameter and have a velvety to finely verrucous surface

Seborrheic Keratosis

premalignant skin condition caused by sun damage and usually occurs in older individuals with light complexions who have experienced prolonged sunlight exposure

Solar Keratosis

solar keratosis of the lower lip

Solar cheilosis

it appears vermilion with indistinct mucocutaneous borders

Solar cheilosis

strategies to prevent the development of lip or skin cancer including

reducing sun exposure, wearing sun protective clothing, and use of applied sun block agents

common neoplasm often found on the skin of adults who have a history of long exposure to sunlight

BCCA

Despite being malignant, this condition rarely metastasizes.

BCCA

malignant neoplasm of epidermal or epithelial origin, has potential for distant metastasis

SCCA

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis and epithelium

Melanoma

major risk factor of melanoma

Excessive exposure to sunlight

transient skin condition, also known as hives

Urticaria

red or white bumps on the skin with intense itching

Urticaria

most common cause of urticaria

Ig-E mediated allergic reaction to drugs or food

less common cause of urticaria

Autoimmune disease

have also been linked as a cause to episodes of hives

Emotional stress, temperature, and sun exposure

a wider and deeper portion of the dermis and subdermis, resulting in swelling over a larger area

Angioedema

may be the cause of angioedema

local anesthetic and anahylaxis

T cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Contact Dermatitis (Dermatitis Medicamentosa)

Within 24 to 48 hours after contact in contact dermatitis what will form

pruritic erythema, vesicles, and bullae

Crust in contact dermatitis heals in about

three weeks

topical medicaments that can cause contact dermatitis

antibiotics, steroids, anesthetics, and antifungals

most often reported cause of allergic contact dermatitis

Neomycin and lidocaine

skin eruption spreading in a belt-like pattern and is a recurrent episode of latent varicella zoster virus infection

Herpes zoster

When herpes zoster occurring in the head region, the lesions follow the distribution of the

trigeminal nerve branches

Abnormalities in the Head, Face, and Neck Region are

Thyroid Gland Enlargement/goiter

Lymphadenopathy

Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Visibly prominent thyroid enlargement, or goiter, may also be classified in terms of the cause, which can be

iodine deficiency, autoimmune disease (Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves' disease), or benign or malignant neoplasia

Abnormal cervical lymph nodes

lymphadenopathy

result of various antigenic stimuli including infectious agents or unidentified agents

lymphadenopathy

refers to inflammatory disease in the nodes, in which the nodes become enlarged or tender

lymphadenitis

consists of enlargement of normal lymphoid aggregates, often caused by an antigenic stimulus

Lymphoid hyperplasia

arise during gestation because of improper merging of soft tissues and/or bones

Cleft lip and palate

results from the failure of the medial nasal and maxillary processes to fuse

Cleft lip

incomplete union of the palatine processes of the right and left maxillary bones

Cleft palate