Chapter 28: Child, Older Adult, and Intimate Partner Violence Halter: Varcarolis’ Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: A Clinical Approach, 8th Edition

1. Which comment by the nurse would best support relationship building with a survivor of intimate partner abuse?

a. "You are feeling violated because you thought you could trust your partner."

b. "I'm here for you. I want you to tell me about the bad things that happened to you."

c. "I was very worried about you. I knew you were living in a potentially violent

situation."

d. "Abusers often target people who are passive. I will refer you to an assertiveness

class."

ANS: A

The correct option uses the therapeutic technique of reflection. It shows empathy, an important nursing attribute for establishing rapport and building a relationship. None of the other

options would help the patient feel accepted.

2. An 11-year-old reluctantly tells the nurse, "My parents don't like me. They said

they wish I was never born." Which type of abuse is likely?

a. Sexual

b. Physical

c. Emotional

d. Economic

ANS: C

Examples of emotional abuse include having an adult demean a child's worth, frequently

criticize, or belittle the child. No data support physical battering or endangerment, sexual

abuse, or economic abuse.

3. What feelings are most commonly experienced by nurses working with abusive

families?

a. Outrage toward the victim and discouragement regarding the abuser

b. Helplessness regarding the victim and anger toward the abuser

c. Unconcern for the victim and dislike for the abuser

d. Vulnerability for self and empathy with the abuser

ANS: B

Intense protective feelings, helplessness, and sympathy for the victim are common emotions

of a nurse working with an abusive family. Anger and outrage toward the abuser are common

emotions of a nurse working with an abusive family.

4. Which rationale best explains why a nurse should be aware of personal feelings

while working with a family experiencing family violence?

a. Self-awareness enhances the nurse's advocacy role.

b. Strong negative feelings interfere with assessment and judgment.

c. Strong positive feelings lead to healthy transference with the victim.

d. Positive feelings promote the development of sympathy for patients.

ANS: B

Strong negative feelings cloud the nurse's judgment and interfere with assessment and

intervention, no matter how well the nurse tries to cover or deny feelings. Strong positive

feelings lead to overinvolvement with victims rather than healthy transference.

5. The parents of a 15-year-old seek to have this teen declared a delinquent

because of excessive drinking, habitually running away, and prostitution. The nurse interviewing the patient should recognize these behaviors often occur in adolescents who

a. have been abused.

b. are attention seeking.

c. have eating disorders.

d. are developmentally delayed

ANS: A

Self-mutilation, alcohol and drug abuse, bulimia, and unstable and unsatisfactory relationships

are frequently seen in teens who are abused. These behaviors are not as closely aligned with

any of the other options.

6. What is a nurse's legal responsibility if child abuse or neglect is suspected?

a. Discuss the findings with the child's parent and health care provider.

b. Document the observation and suspicion in the medical record.

c. Report the suspicion according to state regulations.

d. Continue the assessment.

ANS: C

Each state has specific regulations for reporting child abuse that must be observed. The nurse

is a mandated reporter. The reporter does not need to be sure that abuse or neglect occurred,

only that it is suspected. Speculation should not be documented, only the facts.

ANS: C

Each state has specific regulations for reporting child abuse that must be observed. The nurse

is a mandated reporter. The reporter does not need to be sure that abuse or neglect occurred,

only that it is suspected. Speculation should not be documented, only the facts.

ANS: C

Injuries such as immersion or cigarette burns, facial fractures, whiplash, bite marks, traumatic

injuries, bruises, and fractures in various stages of healing suggest the possibility of abuse. In

older children, vague complaints such as back pain may also be suspicious. Ear infections,

diarrhea, and abdominal pain are problems that were unlikely to have resulted from violence.

8. An 11-year-old says, "My parents don't like me. They call me stupid and say

they wish I were never born. It doesn't matter what they think because I already know I'm

dumb." Which nursing diagnosis applies to this child?

a. Chronic low self-esteem related to negative feedback from parents

b. Deficient knowledge related to interpersonal skills with parents

c. Disturbed personal identity related to negative self-evaluation

d. Complicated grieving related to poor academic performance

ANS: A

The child has indicated a belief in being too dumb to learn. The child receives negative and

demeaning feedback from the parents. The child has internalized these messages, resulting in

a low self-esteem. Deficient knowledge refers to knowledge of health care measures.

Disturbed personal identity refers to an alteration in the ability to distinguish between self and

nonself. Grieving may apply, but a specific loss is not evident in the scenario. Low self-esteem

is more relevant to the child's statements.

9. An adult has recently been absent from work for 3-day periods on several

occasions. Each time, the individual returned wearing dark glasses. Facial and body bruises

were apparent. What is occupational health nurse's priority assessment?

a. Interpersonal relationships

b. Work responsibilities

c. Socialization skills

d. Physical injuries

ANS: D

The individual should be assessed for possible battering. Physical injuries are abuse indicators

and are the primary focus for assessment. No data support the other options.

10. A young adult has recently had multiple absences from work. After each

absence, this adult returned to work wearing dark glasses and long-sleeved shirts. During an

interview with the occupational health nurse, this adult says, "My partner beat me, but it was

because I did not do the laundry." What is the nurse's next action?

a. Call the police.

b. Arrange for hospitalization.

c. Call the adult protective agency.

d. Document injuries with a body map.

ANS: D

Documentation of injuries provides a basis for possible legal intervention. In most states, the

abused adult would need to make the decision to involve the police. Because the worker is not

an older adult and is competent, the adult protective agency is unable to assist. Admission to

the hospital is not necessary.

11. A patient tells the nurse, "My husband lost his job. He's abusive only when he

drinks too much. His family was like that when he was growing up. He always apologizes and

regrets hurting me." What risk factor was most predictive for the husband to become abusive?

a. History of family violence

b. Loss of employment

c. Abuse of alcohol

d. Poverty

ANS: A

An abuse-prone individual is an individual who has experienced family violence and was

often abused as a child. This phenomenon is part of the cycle of violence. The other options

may be present but are not as predictive.

12. An adult tells the nurse, "My partner abuses me when I make mistakes, but I

always get an apology and a gift afterward. I've considered leaving but haven't been able to

bring myself to actually do it." Which phase in the cycle of violence prevents this adult from

leaving?

a. Tension-building

b. Acute battering

c. Honeymoon

d. Stabilization

ANS: C

The honeymoon stage is characterized by kind, loving behaviors toward the abused spouse

when the perpetrator feels remorseful. The victim believes the promises and drops plans to

leave or seek legal help. The tension-building stage is characterized by minor violence in the

form of abusive verbalization or pushing. The acute battering stage involves the abuser

beating the victim. The violence cycle does not include a stabilization stage.

13. After treatment for a detached retina, a survivor of intimate partner abuse says,

"My partner only abuses me when I make mistakes. I've considered leaving, but I was

brought up to believe you stay together, no matter what happens." Which diagnosis should be

the focus of the nurse's initial actions?

a. Risk for injury related to physical abuse from partner

b. Social isolation related to lack of a community support system

c. Ineffective coping related to uneven distribution of power within a relationship

d. Deficient knowledge related to resources for escape from an abusive relationship

ANS: A

Risk for injury is the priority diagnosis because the partner has already inflicted physical

injury during violent episodes. The other diagnoses are applicable, but the nurse must first

address the patient's safety.

14. A survivor of physical spousal abuse was treated in the emergency department

for a broken wrist. This patient said, "I've considered leaving, but I made a vow and I must

keep it no matter what happens." Which outcome should be met before discharge? The patient

will

a. facilitate counseling for the abuser.

b. name two community resources for help.

c. demonstrate insight into the abusive relationship.

d. reexamine cultural beliefs about marital commitment.

ANS: B

The only outcome indicator clearly attainable within this time is for staff to provide the victim

with information about community resources that can be contacted. Development of insight

into the abusive relationship and reexamining cultural beliefs will require time. Securing a

restraining order can be accomplished quickly but not while the patient is in the emergency

department. Facilitating the abuser's counseling may require weeks or months.

15. An older adult with Lewy body dementia lives with family and attends a day

care center. A nurse at the day care center noticed the adult had a disheveled appearance,

strong odor of urine, and bruises on the limbs and back. What type of abuse might be

occurring?

a. Psychological

b. Financial

c. Physical

d. Sexual

ANS: C

Lewy body dementia results in cognitive impairment. The assessment of physical abuse would

be supported by the nurse's observation of bruises. Physical abuse includes evidence of

improper care as well as physical endangerment behaviors, such as reckless behavior toward a

vulnerable person that could lead to serious injury. No data substantiate the other options.

16. An older adult diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease lives with family in a rural

area. During the week, this adult attends a day care center while the family is at work. In the

evenings, members of the family provide care. Which factor makes this adult most vulnerable

to abuse?

a. Multiple caregivers

b. Alzheimer's disease

c. Living in a rural area

d. Being part of a busy family

ANS: B

Older adults are at high risk for violence, particularly when there is significant dependency

such as would be expected with dementia or other cognitive impairments. The incorrect

responses are not identified as placing an individual at high risk.

17. An older adult with Lewy body dementia lives with family. After observing

multiple bruises, the home health nurse talked with the daughter, who became defensive and

said, "My mother often wanders at night. Last night she fell down the stairs." Which nursing

diagnosis has priority?

a. Risk for injury related to poor judgment, cognitive impairments, and inadequate

supervision

b. Wandering related to confusion and disorientation as evidenced by sleepwalking

and falls

c. Chronic confusion related to degenerative changes in brain tissue as evidenced by

nighttime wandering

d. Insomnia related to sleep disruptions associated with cognitive impairment as

evidenced by wandering at night

ANS: A

The patient is at high risk for injury because of her confusion. The risk increases when

caregivers are unable to give constant supervision. Insomnia, chronic confusion, and wandering apply to this patient; however, the risk for injury is a higher priority.

18. An older woman diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease lives with family and

attends day care. After observing poor hygiene, the nurse talked with the caregiver. This

caregiver became defensive and said, "It takes all my energy to care for my mother. She's

awake all night. I never get any sleep." Which nursing intervention has priority?

a. Teach the caregiver about the effects of sundowner's syndrome.

b. Secure additional resources for the mother's evening and night care.

c. Support the caregiver to grieve the loss of the mother's cognitive abilities.

d. Teach the family how to give physical care more effectively and efficiently.

ANS: B

The patient's caregivers were coping with care until the patient began to stay awake at night.

The family needs assistance with evening and night care to resume their precrisis state of

functioning. Secondary prevention calls for the nurse to mobilize community resources to

relieve overwhelming stress. The other interventions may then be accomplished.

19. An adult has a history of physical violence against family when frustrated,

followed by periods of remorse after each outburst. Which finding indicates a successful plan

of care? The adult

a. expresses frustration verbally instead of physically.

b. explains the rationale for behaviors to the victim.

c. identifies three personal strengths.

d. agrees to seek counseling.

ANS: A

The patient will have developed a healthier way of coping with frustration if it is expressed

verbally instead of physically. The incorrect options do not confirm achievement of outcomes

20. Which referral will be most helpful for a woman who was severely beaten by

intimate partner, has no relatives or friends in the community, is afraid to return home, and has

limited financial resources?

a. A support group

b. A mental health center

c. A women's shelter

d. Vocational counseling

ANS: C

Because the woman has no safe place to go, referral to a shelter is necessary. The shelter will

provide other referrals as necessary

A 10-year-old cares for siblings while the parents work because the family

cannot afford a babysitter. This child says, "My father doesn't like me. He calls me stupid all

the time." The mother says the father is easily frustrated and has trouble disciplining the

children. The community health nurse should consider which resources as priorities to

stabilize the home situation? (Select all that apply.)

a. Parental sessions to teach childrearing practices

b. Anger management counseling for the father

c. Continuing home visits to give support

d. A safety plan for the wife and children

e. Placing the children in foster care

ANS: A, B, C

Anger management counseling for the father is appropriate. Support for this family will be an

important component of treatment. By the wife's admission, the family has deficient knowledge of parenting practices. Whenever possible, the goal of intervention should be to keep the

family together; thus, removing the children from the home should be considered a last resort.

Physical abuse is not suspected, so a safety plan would not be a priority at this time.

A nurse assists a victim of intimate partner abuse to create a plan for escape if

it becomes necessary. Which components should the plan include? (Select all that apply.)

a. Keep a cell phone fully charged.

b. Hide money with which to buy new clothes.

c. Have the phone number for the nearest shelter.

d. Take enough toys to amuse the children for 2 days.

e. Secure a supply of current medications for self and children.

f. Assemble birth certificates, Social Security cards, and licenses.

g. Determine a code word to signal children when it is time to leave.

ANS: A, C, E, F, G

The victim must prepare for a quick exit and so should assemble necessary items. Keeping a

cell phone fully charged will help with access to support persons or agencies. Taking a large

supply of toys would be cumbersome and might compromise the plan. People are advised to

take one favorite small toy or security object for each child, but most shelters have toys to

further engage the children. Accumulating enough money to purchase clothing may be

difficult.

A community health nurse visits a family with four children. The father

behaves angrily, finds fault with the oldest child, and asks twice, "Why are you such a stupid

kid?" The wife says, "I have difficulty disciplining the children. It's so frustrating." Which

comments by the nurse will facilitate an interview with these parents? (Select all that apply.)

a. "Tell me how you discipline your children."

b. "How do you stop your baby from crying?"

c. "Caring for four small children must be difficult."

d. "Do you or your husband ever spank your children?"

e. "Calling children 'stupid' injures their self-esteem."

ANS: A, B, C

An interview with possible abusing individuals should be built on concern and carried out in a

nonthreatening, nonjudgmental way. Empathetic remarks are helpful in creating rapport.

Questions requiring a descriptive response are less threatening and elicit more relevant

information than questions that can be answered by yes or no.