Regional Integration

What is the difference between internal and international regions?

Internal regions are within a country (states in US) and international regions span across countries (EU)

What does Hurell mean by regionalization?

a bottom up process, of societal and economic integration that increases cooperation and exchanges within a region

How is regional integration different from regionalization?

Regional integration is more formal, involving supranational (more than 1 country) institutions and structured cooperation

What are 3 key elements managed by regional integration?

independence, interdependence, and internationalization

What is the difference between new and old regionalization?

old focuses on trade barriers (shallow) and new includes social, political, and cultural cooperation

What is NAFTA and when was it established?

The North American Free Trade Agreement - 1994

One major regional organization in Africa and its purpose

ECOWAS 1975: economic integration in west Africa

Which Asian organization focuses on both economic and security cooperation?

ASEAN 1967: Association of Southeast Asian Nations

What distinguishes the Visegrad group in Europe?

it promotes cooperation without formal institutions but does have a shared fund

What is the main focus of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)?

security and counter-terrorism, with key bodies like the Council of Heads of State and RATS

What is COMESA?

Common market for eastern and southern Africa

What does the term negative integration refer to?

removal of trade barriers between countries

What is CIS?

Commonwealth of independent states

OAS

pan americanism

NAFTA

1994

MERCOSUR

Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay

Simon Bolivar

the congress of panama

Andean Community of Nations

1997

New regionalism:

considered to be a response to globalization and tends to focus on economic cooperation

Economic cooperation:

limited agreements on mutual economic preferences

Functional cooperation:

limited arrangements agreed, in order to work together in particular areas

political cooperation:

mutual support and commitment in implementing certain rules and values internationally

What is the difference between supranationalist and intergovernmentalist approach to European integration?

supranationalist: countries give some power to European institutions; intergovernmentalist: countries have control but work together when necessary

What is SEATO?

Southeast Asia treaty organization

What is CSTO?

collective security treaty organization

regionalism in Asia was focused on what after the cold war?

mainly economic cooperation

Where was the first wave of regionalism visible?

latin america

What does the term “sui generis” mean?

uniqueness of the EU