ILTS early childhood education

a three year old preschooler is playing independently on the rug building a house out of blocks. while working on the house, the child says “no no the yellow on. the black one would look better for the roof.” According to the theories of Lev Vygotsky, the Childs behaviors could best be described as

thinking out loud in order to self direct learning

several kindergarteners are playing in a large sandbox on the school playground. which of the following activities demonstrates the most developmentally advanced type of play

building a sand castle cooperatively with two other children

which of the following factors is likely to have the most beneficial effect on a second grade students academic performance

eating a nutritious breakfast each morning

a recent tornado caused damage in the community in which an early childhood teacher works. the mother of a 15- month old reports that since the tornado has displaced her family, her son has become clingy, wants to be carried most of the time, and has trouble falling asleep at night. the mother asks the early childhood teacher for suggestions for supporting her child in healing from the trauma of the tornado. which of the following suggestions should the teacher make to address the mothers concerns

encouraging the mother to follow a predictable routine with her child and allow him to stay to close to her when he expresses the need

a nine month old child has just learned to crawl. the early childhood teacher creates safe floor space for the child to explore and provides enticing and accessible toys and activities (toys on low toy bins, play tunnels, and slides). through these actions, the teacher is directly promoting the Childs:

cognitive development

which of the following educational practices is likely to be most effective in supporting home languages preservation of English learners in a general education kindergarten classroom

engaging children in storytelling activities that include vocabulary from their home languages and reflect their home cultures.

a kindergarten teacher allots a portion of each day for children to use classroom learning centers. the teacher monitors the children’s engagement and extends the duration of the centers if the children are focused on the activities involved. which of the following statements describes the primary benefit of this approach

enhancing the children’s depth of learning through exploration of self selected materials

a teacher of two and three year old children often engages them in conversation. for example, when a child is playing with teddy bears, she will ask, “what are the bears doing today?” when a child is painting, she will say, “please tell me about this interesting picture you are making!” which of the following benefits is most closely attributed to this practice

encouraging children linguistic creativity and self expression

a preschool teacher is designing curriculum for the children in her classroom. which of the following steps is associated with developmentally appropriate practice for preschoolers

knowing what is individually appropriate for each Childs interests and abilities

a preschool teacher plans to use instructional strategies that integrate social-emotional learning with curiosity and problem solving. which of the following activities would best promote this goal

encouraging empathic thinking with the children with questions such as, “why do you think he Is crying?”

an early childhood educator observes a ten week old infant gazing at a hanging mobile while lying on her back. occasionally, the infant swats at the mobile and smiles or coos. several minutes later, the teacher notices that the infant turns her head to avoid looking at the mobile and starts to cry. the infants crying escalates and intensifies during the next minute. which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the teacher to take to meet the infants needs related to emotional regulation

giving the infant more time to engage in self soothing behaviors

a second grade teacher notes that an English language learner struggles with vocabulary when reading independently. the teacher would like to provide the student with a technological resource to clarify the meaning of unknown words while reading independently. the teacher takes into consideration that the student has strong reading skills in his home language. which of the following resources would be most beneficial for the student to use when independently reading

an online language translator to translate unknown English words into the students home language

a kindergarten teacher gathers information throughout the year about each Childs ongoing progress across developmental domains. the teacher maintains a folder for each child that includes checklists of skills (fine and gross motor, communication, social) a portfolio of work samples, and notes of teacher obersvations. in which of the following ways could the teacher most effectively use this information

differentiating instruction for each child based on their strengths, needs, and interests

a preschool special education teacher regularly uses progress monitoring assessments to evaluate the language development of a child in her class with a language delay. the primary purpose of this assessment is to

track the Childs growth and tailor instruction to meet his or her needs

a first grade teacher plans to use a performance assessment to measure her students reading comprehension abilities. which of the following describes the greatest benefit of this type of assessment

building on students daily authentic work and projects to determine progress

a first year preschool teacher shoes concerns with a colleague about some behaviors of children in her class. the preschool teacher explains that many of the children act silly, have trouble staying seated, and use loud voices even with strong classroom routines in place. her colleague agrees to observe the class and records the following information

ensure that classroom activities are developmentally appropriate with realistic expectations of young children

a preschool teacher has set up an open ended sand and water center in her classroom. the teacher includes a variety of materials in the center, including small shovels, buckets, sifters, measuring cups and spoons, shells, twigs, and plastic animals. the teachers approach reflects the principle that materials in the center should

offer a range of experiences to meet the varied developmental levels of children in the class

a first grade teacher learns that his class for the upcoming school year will include students from various cultural backgrounds with a number of home languages. the teacher wants to create an inclusive and respectful learning environment for the class. which of the following teacher steps is likely to yto be effective in promoting this goal?

including books, music, and photographs in the classroom environment that originate from the students culture

at the beginning of the school year, a preschool teacher plans the daily routine of the class. the teacher decides that every day when the children arrive at school, they will first hang up their backpacks in their assigned cubbies and the choose a table top activity. after table top activities, the children clean up and join the teacher at the carpet for teacher led stories and songs. which of the following rationales describes the primary benefit of establishing daily routines for children

helping children gain a sense of security

an early childhood education teacher is planning the classroom environment for three and four year old children. she creates centers in the room for art, dramatic play, sensory activities, and building with blocks. within each of these centers, she has shelves and containers of materials labeled with pictures and words, such as crayons, blocks, and cars. this practice is likely to promote the children’s skills in literacy and

social development

an early childhood teacher works in a classroom with three and four year old. every morning she places materials on each table such as puzzles are supplies and play dough. the children choose an activity to play with and sit at a table as other children arrive. which of the following factors would be most important to consider when setting up the materials

providing materials that consider the interests of all children in the class

an eight year old student who is an English language learner has recently joined a second grade class. she can communicate in English with simple phrases and sentences and has an English vocabulary of 3,000 words. she often makes grammar and pronunciation errors and misunderstands jokes. which of the following stages of second language acquisitions best describes this students present level?

speech emergence

according to research the factor that has been shown to have the greatest influence on an infants language development is the

number and quality of interactions the infant has with primary caregivers.

have ample opportunities to write during the day, for example students frequently write lists and stories and engage in cooperative writing tasks with peers. students are also provided many occasions to share their writing with the class. in addition to promoting students writing development the teachers regular use of these activities most likely directly builds students

reading skills by reinforcing their understanding of the relationship between sounds and letters

an early childhood educator would like to promote the speech development of a nine month old by motivating her to produce works. which of the following strategies is most developmentally appropriate to address the teachers goal

engaging the child in games the require her to make a request using a vocalization

a new student whose home language is not English recently joined a first grade class. the teacher communicates to the students parents through a translator and suggests they read to their child every night and continue to speak to each other in their home language as much as possible. this practice benefits English language learners primarily in which of the following ways

enriching their oral language development

an early childhood teacher works in a day care center. she sits on the floor to play with a nine month old infant who is interested in a bucket of plastic blocks that can easily be stacked together. which of the following teacher actions would best engage the infant and encourage communication

talking about the blocks as the infant plays with them

at the beginning of the school year a preschool teacher sends home a letter requesting that parents participate in various oral language enrichment activities with their children. the teachers requests include the following

young children oral language development plays a key role in their development of literacy skills

a kindergarten teacher reads the following set of four words: bet, bat, bug, cap to a small group of children. the teacher asks the children to identify which word doesn’t belong in the group. which of the following areas of phonemic awareness does this activity promote

phoneme categorization

during an informal assement a kindergarten teacher asks a child to demonstrate what he knows about books. the child points at words on the front cover and says, “I can read it like this”. holding the book correctly the child opens the cover and begins telling a story while pointing to words on the pages. on the last page the child says “the end” the Childs actions suggest that he is beginning to understand

concepts about print

the parents of an English language learner ask for ways they can help build their Childs home language skills, which of the following strategies would best support the parents involvement with developing their Childs home language

engaging their child in regular meaningful conversations using their home language

a kindergarten teacher plans an activity to promote a Childs understanding of the alphabetic principle. which of the following activities would be most effective in achieving this goal

organizing magnetic letters into abc order

a preschool teacher regularly has children in the class transition from snack to a table top activity where children can choose to play with letter puzzles magnetic letters and abc books or utilize a variety of writing materials. after table top activities children transition to the carpet where the teacher sings songs that include rhyme and alliteration and reads aloud big books. this scenario best reflects the teachers understanding of

the importance of incorporating literacy based routines into the classroom to promote literacy

which of the following skills is a child able to demonstrate if they have developed the most complex level of phonological awareness

segmenting individual sounds in words

which of the following words has three morphemes

undesirable

a first grade teacher in introducing a new set of sigh words to her students ( my a to like see go you she he) in addition to systematic instruction which of the following student activities is likely to be most effective in reinforcing the students automatic recognition of the words

using sight word flashcards in frequently played word games

a kindergarten teacher plans a unit on transportation and considers strategies to facilitate the acquisition of English vocabulary for children in the class whose first language is not English. for example the teacher plans to introduce new words with the use of concrete objects and define the words using child friendly language. which of the following addition strategies would best support children’s acquisition of English vocabulary.

providing examples of each words in a variety of contexts

a first grade teacher asks her students to write one sentence in their writing journals about their thing in their bedroom. the following is an example of one students writing

I lik my bed

in this stage of development on which of the following concepts should the teacher focus

short vowel sounds

a second grade teacher notes that a student takes longer than average to read various grade level texts. the student sounds choppy when reading aloud and rarely reads in phrases or with proper intonation. these factors will most directly affect the students

reading comprehension

a second grade teacher in planning a lesson to teach students how to use nonfiction text features to help them locate and use information to answer questions. the teacher considers selecting various nonfiction texts can specifically promote students abilities to identify main topics while skimming through the text. to best serve the lessons purpose the teacher should choose a nonfiction text that has

headings and subheadings

a kindergarten teacher would like to build children phonological awareness by practicing the addition or substitution of phonemes in one syllable words to make new words. which of the following genres of children literature will most likely be most appropriate for the teacher intent

nursery rhymes

students in a second grade class are filling in a story map graphic organizer after listening to a folktale read aloud by the teacher. this activity promotes students comprehension skills primarily by developing their ability to

recall specific elements within the story

a second grade teacher writes the following sentence from the students reading assignment on the board in the classroom

dark clouds rolled in, and Manny stranded to see

she then asks her students to answer this question “why do you think Manny strained to see” which of the following levels of comprehension is the teacher assessing by having them complete this task

sequential

a first grade teacher will read aloud a story about types of transportation. the students will then answer comprehension questions about the story. which of the following should the teacher do first before reading the story to the class

ensuring the students have an understanding of types of transportation

a kindergarten teacher uses informational texts to build students knowledge about weather as part of a science unit on earths systems. the teacher reads aloud three short picture books related to weather and the students are provided opportunities to view each book independently and also participate in a class discussion about each book. the teacher would like to integrate writing into the science activity. which student writing activity would be most appropriate for the lesson

composing an opinion piece In which students express their preferences eofr one of the books using drawings and writings

the following writing sample is from a second grade students journal

my favirt color is pink becuz I love the color pink pink goes with everything and I love to wer it evryday

the student would likely benefit most from instruction in which of the following areas

sentence structure

which of the following literacy related strategies would best promote the relationship between writing language and reading skill development for kindergarten children

reading and writing new words to build phonemic awareness

a second grade teacher gives students the following math problem

carrie has a trading card collection. she started with 67 trading cards, then she bought 28 more cards. how many cards does carrie have now

the students have learned to use a hundred chart and ones and tens blocks in solving problems. which of the following strategies would be most effective for the teacher to suggest the students use to solve this problem

using an open number line

a first grade teacher wants to plan instruction for her students based on their individual strengths and needs. which of the following evaluations would be most effective for this purpose

diagnostic assessments

a kindergarten teacher uses the concrete representational abstract method of teaching children number sense. which of the following rationales describes the primary purpose of this approach

promoting children’s tangible understanding of the math concepts and skills they learn

a second grade teacher writes the following problem on the board

suzanne has $10 to buy lunch. she orders a sandwich that costs $4.12 . how much change will Suzanne receive after buying the sandwich?

the teacher provides each student with piece of paper and asks them to each read the question to themselves and try to come up with three different ways to answer the question in five minutes. after the five minutes is up, the teacher asks the students to share and compare their ways with a peer. she then calls on students to present different approaches to answering the question. which of the following skills is most effectively promoted by this instructional strategy

problem solving skills

which of the following materials are most appropriate to use when conducting a math lesson on counting with preschool children

counters

second grade students are participating in a science lesson that involves stretching rubber bands over pegs. which of the following safety procedures should the teacher ensure students follow related to this lesson

wearing safety googles

a kindergarten teacher is beginning a new science unit with her class. as part of the unit the teacher uses a ramp a toy car and a ping pong ball to demonstrate a concept. first the teacher places the ping pong ball at the bottom of the ramp. she places the toy car at the top of the ramp and asks the children to observe what happens when she lets the toy car roll down the ramp and hit the pingpong ball. these materials help the teacher demonstrate which of the following science concepts

motion and stability

a first grade teacher considers science activities to support students understanding of concepts related to life sciences. which of the following student activities would best support the teachers goal

labeling different parts of plants that help them survive and grow

a preschool class is playing outside and a group of children discover some carpenter ants in the dirt. the children are excited about the ants and ask the teacher if they can keep them in the classroom. the teacher decides to build on the children’s natural curiosity and behinds a discussion about how to make a habitat for the ants to live in. which of the following questions is most important for the children to consider when observing the ants and deciding how to make a habitat

can we find food for the ants?

an early childhood education teacher fills an empty water table up with recently fallen snow. next to the table she puts shovels buckets and pairs of mittens for the children to wear. as two children begin to play at the snow table one says “oh its getting watery” which of the following questions would be best for the teacher to ask the child to foster scientific thinking

why do you think it is watery?

a second grade is beginning a science unit with her students on earths systems. which of the following activities would be most developmentally appropriate for the teacher to conduct with the class for this unit

visiting and developing a model to represent the types of land bodies of water in the local city or town

a second grade teacher is beginning a science unit on plants. the objective for the first lesson of the unit will be for student to identify what plants need to grow. which of the following activities would be most effective for integrating English language arts into this science lesson

creating an acrostic poem using plant vocabulary

throughout the school year a kindergarten teacher is planning to take students to various locations within the community such as the post office a grocery store and a bus station. as a follow up to each trip the teacher will ask the students to discuss how their families use these locations as the teacher creates a list of their ides. which of the following social science concepts is the teacher promoting by using this activity

human interdependence

a first grade teacher and her class have taken on the responsibility of regularly picking up debris such as snack wrappers and forgotten sweatshirts and jackets from the schools yard and playground. the activity could be used to teach which of the following social science concepts

civics

a kindergarten teacher plans a social science lesson designed to support children in beginning to explore the roles and responsibilities of people in authority, which of the following whole class instructional strategies would best initially support their development of this concept

using a web to brainstorm people in the school community with authority

as an introductory lesson on mapping, a second grade teacher reads aloud a book to her class. the book is about a girl who makes a map of her bedroom for a school assignment and enjoys it so much, she then also maps out all the places her dog likes to go. the book provides explanations of specific map vocabulary and the teacher writes these words on the board as she reads. which of the following activities would be most effective for the teacher to use as a follow up to reading the book

having students create a map of the classroom

a second grade teacher plans a social science unit in which students will identify some cultural and environmental characteristics of their community and compare the characteristics of other places. which of the following instructional resources will best support the goal of this lesson

a short documentary titled different neighborhoods

a second grade teacher would like to integrate the study of geography with language arts. which activity would be most appropriate for the teacher to assign students that would promote vocabulary development during a geography lesson

creating a simple map that shows important features of a story setting

a kindergarten teacher is working on a unit on human body systems with the class. the lesson that would be most developmentally appropriate for this grade level would include teaching the students to identify

behaviors that influence the function of the body (moving fast causes faster heartbeat and breathing)

an early childhood educator notes that a four month old infant can roll over front to back and back to front. according to typical stages of motor skill development which of the following gross motor skills should the teacher expect the child to learn next?

sitting with support and then independently

a first grade teacher is working on a fire safety and prevention unit with her class. she has taught the students that fires need oxygen fuel and heat. she has also taught students to identify exits in each room and how to call the first department. which of the following activities would likely reinforce the students understanding of these practices

having students make posters illustrating what they think is most important about fire safety

a kindergarten teacher observes a group of children playing tag during recess. during the game, some children become upset after being tagged and few begin to cry. she also observes some of the faster children gloating and teasing others. the teacher plans to discuss the concept of good relationship and positive behavior on the playground with the class. which of the following activities would be most effective for the children to participate in after the discussion

engaging in role playing activity in which they act out and discuss different reactions to winning and losing a game

a kindergarten teacher wants to combine physical movement with an introductory music lesson on rhythm. which of the following teacher activities would be the most developmentally appropriate for this purpose

playing a tambourine and encouraging the children to move their bodies to the music

a home day care provider takes care of four children ranging in age from two to four years old. she reads the children a book with various illustrations of animals and shows them the pictures in the book as she reads. which of the following art activities would be most developmentally appropriate for the teacher to engage in the children in after reading the book.

providing the children with paper finger paint water colors and paintbrushes to paint the animals in the book

a first grade teacher plays a recording of a story in which the characters voices are represented by playing a specific musical instrument. for example a duck is depicted by a trumpet and a wolf if portrayed by an electric guitar. while the story is being played the students are asked to raise their hand when they hear the duck talking. this activity would be most effective by promoting students understanding of which of the following musical elements

timbre

an early childhood teacher for three year olds would like to set up a dramatic play area with realistic toys and clothes for the children to dress up in. this activity best promotes the development of children by

encouraging social interactions

an early childhood teacher plans are activities for children in the class. which of the following art materials is most appropriate for an 18 month old toddler to use for these activities

wide crayons

a first grade teacher has talked with her students about dance and practiced different dance movements with them. the teacher plans to explore the relationship between dance in past and present societies with students. which of the following activities should the teacher engage students in next

studying examples of how dance has been used in various celebrations and other types of events with students

a second grade teacher plans to provide a learning experience that combines music and language arts. which of the following activities would best integrate these two content areas for second grade students

describing the theme idea feeling or story within a song or musical composition

a first grade teacher would like to increase parent participation in classroom and school events. a number of parents have expressed that they feel school participation can be intimidating for adults. some parents have also mentioned to the teacher that they feel school be the teachers responsibility and home is the families responsibility. in which of the following ways can the teacher most effectively overcome these barriers with families?

extending a personal welcome to each parent and establishing regular communication with them through the most convenient method for their family

a preschool teacher provides an appropriate environment by ensuring that materials toys and areas of the classroom are childproofed and safe for children to explore. materials and toys available to children are safe and appropriate. the classroom is structured so that if children ask to engage with a material or resource the answer is usually a yes rather than a no. the teacher most likely establishes the classroom in such a way in order to

build positive and supportive relationships with children

according to the family systems theory teachers can better serve children and families by considering which of the following characteristics of a family

communication and interaction patterns

a kindergarten teacher plans to meet with the special education teacher who will work with children in her class. the teachers want to build a positive collaborative relationship for the upcoming school year. which of the following questions should the kindergarten teacher ask the special education teacher to meet this goal

how can we regularly share feedback with each other

a nine month old infant with physical delay is referred to early intervention services. the primary purpose of early intervention services is to

promote access to supportive resources for families of babies and young children are at risk for or who have disability delays

a parent mentions to her sons early childhood teacher that a family member is in need of affordable childcare and asks the teacher for direction. the teacher should suggest that the family member first

seek free referrals and information about childcare from a local or online childcare agency

part c of the individuals with disabilities education act primarily regulates that early intervention services should be provided

in the children most natural learning environment

the national association for the education of young children and the division for early childhood advocate the use of authentic assessment practice as the primary approach for assessing young children, which of the following activities is an example of an authentic assessment an early childhood teacher may use to assess children in her class

observing and documenting a Childs sharing and play skills during choice time

which of the following outcomes describes a key benefit of preschool programs

providing children with knowledge and skills to be successful throughout their school experience

which of the following descriptions best illustrates the primary purpose of using developmentally appropriate curriculum standards when developing activities and instruction for children?

guiding educators in typical child development and the associated skills children should learn

an early childhood teacher works with children that range in age from infants to preschoolers. when working with a six week old infant, it is imperative that the teacher

balance periods of stimulation with quiet time

which of the following statements is most accurate in the development of individualized family service plans

family is a Childs greatest resource and consequently parents are major contributors in IFSP development

as part of her professional development plan, an early childhood educator wants to expand their repertoire of strategies for building secure and attached relationships with infants in the childcare center in which she works. the teacher plans to read publications for this purpose. which of the following article titles would best support the teachers goal

responding to infants cues