CPUSH 2 Final Exam Study Guide

Flashcards about the Gilded Age, Progressive Era, and other topics in US History

The term 'Gilded Age' means __.

Pretty and gold covered on the outside, but cheap on the inside. It refers to an era where the U.S. seemed like a wonderful place but had underlying issues.

Despite the appearance of prosperity during the Gilded Age, there were significant problems such as __.

Discrimination, political corruption, and unequal wealth.

Examples of cities that represented various classes of people during the Gilded Age include __.

New York City, Boston, Chicago, etc.

Immigrants came to the US during the Gilded Age primarily with the hopes of __.

Achieving a better life and escaping misfortune such as poverty, famine, economic collapse, or religious persecution.

Employers often took advantage of immigrants due to their desperation for work by __.

Offering lower pay and longer work hours.

Women's Suffrage primarily focused on the goal for women to gain __ in the United States.

The right to vote.

The Spoils System is defined as __.

Rewarding loyal supporters with positions in government, most of which were not qualified to hold.

Examples of industries which emerged due to technological advancements during industrialization include __.

Electricity, use of lights, refrigerators, dishwashers, the invention of the telephone, as well as the multi-purpose use of petroleum.

The 17th amendment established __.

The direct election of US senators by the people.

Behaviors frequently associated with the consumption of alcohol that fueled the Prohibition movement included __.

Poor choices, spending all of one’s paycheck, accidents on the job, and domestic violence.

Buildings had to be built to code which reflected __.

Minimum standards for light, air, room size, ventilation as well as fire escapes.

The Pendleton Act set up __.

Civil service tests in which applicants for government positions would complete a test determining qualification.

New Imperialism focused on __.

Economic and political domination over a weaker country or region.

Under New Imperialism, many dominated countries became __.

Protectorates, or locations which received military protection by the United States.

Both Social Darwinism and “White Man’s Burden” stemmed from __.

Beliefs of racial, ethnic, and religious superiority over other political systems, ethnicities, races, and religions.

With the focus of expanding new markets, American businesses worked on __.

Increasing the importation of raw goods from protectorates and imperialized nations under the American Sphere of Influence.

Dangers associated with laissez-faire economics included __.

Ongoing and growing wealth gaps between the rich and poor, lack of safety regulation(s), and the growing difficulty for small businesses to compete with large corporations.

Liberty bonds raised money for WWI by __.

Borrowing money from the American people by purchasing bonds with cash.

To gain support for the war effort, the Committee on Public Information relied on __.

Pro-war propaganda which included posters, leaflets, pamphlets, artwork, literature, movies, and songs.

During WW1, Americans were expected to promote and support the war effort through __.

Volunteerism, support of the draft, and financial support (liberty bonds and rationing).

Germany faced many harsh punishments with the Treaty of Versailles, including __.

Billions of dollars in war reparations which bankrupted the economy, a reduced military size, and being forced to take full blame for WWI.

The goal of the League of Nations was __.

To peacefully discuss international problems with the intentions of not engaging in another world war.

The Model T started an economic boom due to __.

Mass production.

Henry Ford (Model T) used __ to demonstrate how efficient the tactic was for mass production.

The assembly line.

Consumerism is defined as __.

Buying and consuming material possessions (non-essential goods).

Langston Hughes' contributions to the Harlem Renaissance focused on __.

Racial injustices in forms of poetry, plays, novels, and short stories.

President Herbert Hoover was most affiliated with __.

Beliefs of a smaller role of the federal government, and that state governments should have more power.

Through rugged individualism, Americans believed that __.

Continuous hard work would allow the country to naturally rebound.

Hoovervilles were __.

Make-shift shacks out of any resources they could find on unused land or public lands.

Franklin D. Roosevelt believed that the role of the federal government was __.

To intervene to help the economy and citizens while in crisis.

During the first one hundred days of his presidency, Roosevelt oversaw 15 major pieces of legislation that attempted __.

To revive the nation’s economy and provided relief to the unemployed.

Social Security provided __.

Some financial security for older Americans, unemployed workers, and others.

The Treaty of Versailles contributed to the start of WW2 through __.

Intense reparations put into place to financially punish Germany for their role in WW1.

Appeasement involves __.

Giving something in an effort to achieve an agreement; in this case peace throughout Europe.

In Korematsu v. United States (1944), the Supreme Court found that __.

Exclusion orders based on race are constitutionally suspect, the government is justified in a time of “emergency and peril” to suspend citizens’ civil rights.

Stalin promised __.

To launch a full-scale offensive against the Germans when the Allies invaded France in 1944.

Arguments about the use of the atomic bomb(s) were that __.

Those in favor adopted the mindset that this tactic would avoid the loss of lives. Arguments against aligned with concerns about the large amount of death associated with the bombs as well as the lingering aftereffects.

Communism is based on the idea that __.

Workers could control the means of production themselves and create a more fair, equal world.

The policy of containment focused on __.

Not allowing communism to spread or expand any further than it already had.

Brinkmanship was known as __.

Going to the brink of war to force the other side to back down.

The Long Telegram outlined the warning of State Department diplomat George Kennan with the recommendation of __.

Long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.

The Truman Doctrine set up to help specific countries resist the temptations of communism with __.

Money as well as military presence to help specific countries from resisting the temptations of communism.

The Marshall Plan offered __.

Financial resources, equipment, supplies, and food to European countries.

The GI Bill provided monetary benefits that helped with __.

Securing loans for mortgages and education for veterans returning from military service.

Alliance for Progress: The US became involved in __.

Poorer countries that needed financial and political assistance to avoid the appeals of communism in Latin America.

The key goals of Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society included __.

targeted federal programs for poverty, expanding entitlement programs, access to healthcare, and funding/outreach for education.

The Soviet Union said that they would __.

Remove the missiles and the US agreed not to invade Cuba. The United States also agreed to remove nuclear warheads that were located in Turkey.

That was a huge disaster.

The invasion at the Bay of Pigs was a __.

Sputnik was __.

A Soviet satellite that was successfully launched into orbit in 1957.

Plessy v Ferguson established the “__doctrine” .

Segregation was permitted as long as each race had facilities.

Brown vs. Board of Education did what?

Ended “separate but equal”, but only in schools.

Martin Luther King Jr. : Focused on __.

The use of non-violent protests including marches and boycotts.

Having pride in your culture.

Black Nationalism was all about __.

What did USA oppose?

USA: Opposed colonialism, but did not want Vietnam to become communist under Ho Chi Minh.

Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: authorized __.

The President “to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of aggression”.

Comprehensive civil rights law Congress had ever created

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most __.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 allowed __.

Federal examiners to register voters, bypassing the local government that often refused to register African American voters.

The Equal Rights Amendment specified __.

Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

The results of the Kerner Commission blamed __.

Racism for most inner-city problems.

Televised war

The Vietnam War was the 1st __.

Vietnamization __.

gradual withdrawal of US troops while the South Vietnamese assumed more fighting.

Promised to uphold.

Law & Order __.

The Watergate scandal directly involved the Nixon administration’s effort __.

to cover up its involvement in the break-in at the DNC headquarters.

Détente: Was what

negotiation with Communists was a better way for the United States to achieve its international goals.

The Iranian hostage crisis: __.

News programs reminded viewers how many days the hostages had been held.

The Immigration Act of 1965: __.

abolished the National Origins Quota System.

Wealth gap between the wealthy and the poor __.

increased during the economic expansion of the 1980’s. Little wealth from the tax cut actually trickled down to the lower and middle class.

Reaganomics / Supply Side Economics: What is this and did __.

called for widespread tax cuts, increased interest rates, decreased social spending, increased military spending, and the deregulation of domestic markets.

he United States President Reagan proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)n, nicknamed “Star Wars,” to __.

develop weapons that could intercept incoming missiles.

Collapse of Berlin War: It occurred, why because __.

The Soviet economy to suffer from years of inefficient central planning.

Collective Security: At the conclusion of the Cold War, the United States shifted their __.

shift their foreign policy from containment to collective security.

U.S. President Bush persuaded other nations from the UN to __.

stop Iraq.

President Bill Clinton Believed __.

massive federal deficit.

The election turned __.

on the outcome of many contested votes in the state of Florida.

President George W. Bush: What did he do?

withdrawing the United States from the agreement entirely, citing flaws in the treaty.

President Bush stated that the US was fighting __.

A war on terror, not specifically against individual countries.

was the greatest threat

A President George W. Bush believed Iraq __.

Recession of 2007/2008: Many people with __.

low incomes or poor credit.