CPUSH 2.1-2.4

Bureau of American Indian Affairs

Established in 1824, it handled affairs between Native Americans and the government. Appointed an agent who was responsible for distributing land and adequate supplies to anyone who was willing to farm as well as maintaining peaceful relations between a reservation and its neighbors.

Chief Sitting Bull

Lure of gold led prospectors in the Black Hills Gold Rush of 1875 onto Sioux hunting grounds. This area was supposed to be protected by the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie. Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse tried to force them out, but George Custer rushed with 250 men and killed 2000 Indians. Crazy Horse led a charge back and killed Custer and his men. This started the Battle of Little Bighorn. Sitting Bull fled to Canada.

Who moved Cherokee off their lands in Georgia

President Jackson

Ghost Dance

Practitioners preached that the ritual of Ghost Dance would banish white settlers and restore the buffalo to the plains.

Long Walk of the Navajo

In 1863, Kit Carson destroyed homes, forces, and livestock of Navajos. About ⅔ of 12,000 Navajos surrendered. Carson sent them on a 300 mile walk known as the Long Walk to what is now Eastern New Mexico.

Custer and his men

Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse tried to force the Gold Rush prospectors, but George Custer rushed with 250 men and killed 2000 Indians

Chief Joseph

Nez Perce’s leader, Chief Joseph, led a group of refugees on a trek more than 1,300 miles to Canada. He had done this to try to evade the relocation of the Nez Perce’s

First boom industry of the United States

mining

Transcontinental Railroad

congress encourage constructions of the railroad in 2 ways

Yick Wo v. Hopkins

Won a case that banned Chinese people from operating a laundry.

Property rights under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

signed at the end of the Mexican

Last major land rush in the United States

in 1889 when the federal gov opened the Oklahoma Territory to homesteaders

Presidential election of 1884

Cleveland became the first Democrat to win the election in 1884 in 24 years.

Fiat money

currency not backed by gold or silver contributed to wartime inflates, and government tried to get rid of greenbacks

Effects of high tariffs

divided the federalist and Jeffrosonias, democrats and whigs, dividing the republic and democrats, became a major issue during the presidential election of 1888, Republicans scored high, arguing it would allow American industry to grow and promote jobs in manufacturing, Democrats cited that higher targets increase the cost goods to consumers and made it harder for American farmers to sell their

Joseph Keppler

“Bosses of The Senate", one of the most famous political cartons, showing businessmen representing various trust, glaring down on the chamber of the senate

Benjamin Harrison

only the 2nd president in history to lose the popular vote but win the electoral college

Percentage of voters who did vote during the Gilded Age

75%

Why politicians wanted to keep the spoils system

because they were corrupt

Used racist tactics to diminish the appeal of the Populist Party

called nego

Presidential candidate who toured the nation, speaking directly to the people

william jennings bryan

Farmers’ Alliance

Local orgs. Linked together through regulating the interest that banks could charge for loans, and convincing the gov, to force railroads to lower freight prices so members could get their crops to market outside th eSouth at reduced rates.

Colored Farmers’ Alliance

Led by R. M. Humphrey, white baptist minister, head, organized by African Americans and white farmers. Nearly one mill African American farmers joined the group by 1891. Recognized that both white and african americans farmers shared the same difficulties, but racial tensions prevented any effective cooperation between the groups.

Who did Populist Party support for 1896 president

william jennings bryan

Tribes of the Pacific Northwest

Shastas, Chinooks, Klamaths

Event that triggered U.S. war against the Sioux

A group of Sioux Indians killed more than 400 settlers which caused the government to wage a full scale war against them.

United States Indian Peace Commission

self appointed, concluded that lasting peace would come only if Native Americans settled on farms and reservations and adapted to the white way of life

Tribe able to live on a reservation on their homeland

Navajos

Dawes General Allotment Act

Passed by Congress 1887, it encouraged Indians to become private property owners and farmers. It ended the reservation’s tribal landholding system. Each Indian family was allotted 160 acres of the tribe’s reservation as farmland. The Dawe’s Act specified that the land could not be sold or transferred from its original family for 25 yrs.

How should Americanization apply to American Indians

Reformers believed that Indians had to give up tribal loyalties and behaviors before they could mainstream American values and assimilate into American society.

Demise of open

range cattle ranching

1890 census conclusion

close of the american frontier

Sodbusters

Benjamin Singleton organized a group of African Americans called the “Exodusters”. They had promised land like the Jews which was Kansas and Oklahoma where they planted crops and founded several enduring black towns.

Issue highlighted by the arrival of big mining companies to the West

Homestead Act

Passed in 1862, the government offered 160 acres of land to anyone who agreed to live on it for 5 years.

Inventions that enabled farmers to succeed on the Great Plains

barbed wire, plow, grain drill, windmill, and dry farming techniques.

El Paso Salt War

In 1877, Americans and Mexicans clashed over access to the salt bests and the silt profit.Results in no longer communal proper, and uses would have to the natural product

Liberal Republican Party

some reform

Pendergast machine

In Kansas City, winning the loyalty of large immigrants groups by promising/delivering solutions to problems like port sanitation or transportation

Pendleton Civil Service Act

(1883) established a Civil Service commission which wrote a civil service exam, individuals who wanted to work for the gov, had to take the exam, and get a job depended on doing well on the exam, not on manipulating one’s political connections

Spoils system

first used by Andrew Jackson, politicians awarded gov, jobs to loyal part worker with little regard for their qualifications

Why was it difficult to pass new federal laws from 1877 and 1897

inaction and corruption, party loyalties were evenly divided that no faction or group gained control for any period of time, neither held control for than 2 years in a row, difficult to pass new laws, most elections were very close as well

Currency law 1900

passes o the gold standard act in19

Patrons of Husbandry

also known as the granger movement, organized in 1867 by Oliver H Kellye, wanted to provide education on new farming techniques and calling for the regulation of railroad and grain elevator rates

Populist Party platform 1892

adopted in Omaha Nebraska in July 1892, warned about the dangers of political corruption, an inadequate monetary supply, and an unresponsive government, proposed specific remedies to these political issues, coinage of silver and government ownership of the railes, mary elizabet lease also a populist member

What areas did the Populist Party fail to win a state in the election of 1896

What did farmers blame for their difficulties in making a living at farming

Munn v. Illinois

the court ruled against a Chicago grain storage facility,upheld the right of states to regulate private industries in some circumstances.

Short and long haul practice trailers would offer rebates to larger ships who used their rails. Charge more to ship freight short distances than they would for long trips because they had competitors for long hauls, but not for short hauls.