________: emphasis on proximity to a receiving area.
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economic growth
Push- pull framework: migration enables a certain equilibrium to be achieved between forces of ________ and contraction in different geographical regions.
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Mercantile period
________: flows out of Europe due to colonization and economic growth.
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Humans
________ are a migratory species.
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European shift
The ________ from exporting to importing labour was notable because it involved the widespread movement of migrants to countries that were not intensive in land.
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Macro theory
________: international migration is caused by geographic differences in supply of and demand for labour.
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Micro theory
________: individuals decide to migrate because a cost- benefit calculation leads them to expect a positive net return, usually monetary, from movement.
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Immigrant
________: are no longer perceived as wanted or needed.
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Neoclassical economic perspective
________: economic disparities alone are not enough to explain international movement.
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Post industrial migration
________: immigration became global and immigrants entered countries of the Third World.
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Mercantile period
flows out of Europe due to colonization and economic growth
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Industrial period
migration out of Europe and into the Americas/Oceania due to the spread of industrialism to former colonies in the New World
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Period of limited migration
adoption of restrictive immigration laws
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Post-industrial migration
immigration became global and immigrants entered countries of the Third World
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Today
imbalance between labour supply and demand in the Third World
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Immigrant
are no longer perceived as wanted or needed
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Neoclassical economic perspective
economic disparities alone are not enough to explain international movement
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Zelinskys model
emphasis on proximity to a receiving area
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Push-pull framework
migration enables a certain equilibrium to be achieved between forces of economic growth and contraction in different geographical regions
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Macro-theory
international migration is caused by geographic differences in supply of and demand for labour
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Micro-theory
individuals decide to migrate because a cost-benefit calculation leads them to expect a positive net return, usually monetary, from movement
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New economics of migration
migration decisions are made by large units of related people (families, communities) in which people act collectively to maximize expected income and minimize risks and to loosen constraints associated with various kinds of market failures
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Segmented labour market theory
international migration stems from the intrinsic labour demands of modern industrial societies
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Historical-structural theory
because political power in unequally distributed across nations, the expansion of global capitalism acted to perpetuate inequalities and reinforce a stratified economic order
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Social capital theory
social capital plays a positive role in the acquisition and accumulation of other forms of capital and is a strong influence for migrant workers
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Theory of cumulative causation
over time, international migration tends to sustain itself in ways that make additional movement progressively more likely
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Flashcard (132)