Quiz 1 AP LANG

Argument

An attempt by two or more people to influence each other. It does not have to involve yelling or fighting.

Three basic goals of an argument

Change someone's mood, mind, or willingness to act.

Ethos

An appeal based on character and credibility, making the audience see the speaker as trustworthy.

Pathos

An appeal based on emotion that tries to influence how the audience feels.

Logos

An appeal based on logic, reasoning, facts, or evidence.

Most powerful appeal

Ethos, or character.

Phronesis

Practical wisdom demonstrating experience and good judgment.

Arete

Virtue, showing good character and values.

Eunoia

Disinterest or caring, indicating that the argument benefits the audience.

Goldilocks technique

Finding the appropriate middle amount instead of extremes.

Rhetorical virtue

A quality that enhances a speaker's persuasiveness or trustworthiness.

Tactical flaw

A small weakness admitted to enhance credibility.

Disinterest

Arguing for the other person's benefit rather than your own.

Reluctant conclusion

Presenting one's conclusion as if it is not desperately desired.

Practical wisdom

Showing experience rather than just making claims.

Commonplace

An idea already accepted as true by the audience.

Enthymeme

An argument with part of the reasoning left unstated.

Deduction

Reasoning from a general rule to a specific conclusion.

Induction

Reasoning from specific examples to a general conclusion.

Forensic rhetoric

Rhetoric about the past, focused on blame.

Demonstrative rhetoric

Rhetoric about the present, focused on values.

Deliberative rhetoric

Rhetoric about the future, focused on choices.

Kairos

Seizing the right occasion for an argument.

Redefinition

Changing the meaning of an issue to support an argument.

Code grooming

Using relatable language for the audience.

Decorum

Speaking and acting in ways that fit the expectations of the audience.

Classic argument structure

Narration, division, proof, and refutation.

Tactical foul

A move that undermines an argument's effectiveness.

Logical fallacy

A flaw in reasoning that weakens an argument.

Ad hominem

Attacking the person instead of their argument.

Consensus

An agreement both parties accept.

Argumentum a fortiori

An argument from strength.

Stance theory

Defending yourself with fallback positions.

Virtuous mean

Balanced quality between two extremes.

Figure of speech

A nonliteral way of expressing an idea.

Trope

A rhetorical turn or change in meaning.

Rhetorical question

A question asked for effect, not expecting an answer.

Concession

Acknowledging a point made by the other side.

Purpose of commonplace

Building an argument on something the audience believes.

Heinrichs's main lesson

Effective argument involves understanding one's goal, audience, timing, emotions, character, and reasoning.