SCH4U Organic Chemistry Part 1

Hydrocarbon

C_xH_y

Saturated

all carbons bonded to 4 other atoms

Unsaturated

double or triple bonds exist within an organic compound

Homologous Series

series of compounds of same family with the same general formula

Common Structure Unit

how do compouds of a homologous series differ from each other

increased physical properties

more common structural units in hydrocarbon

Alipatic Hydrocarbon

hydrocarbons with a straight chain

branched, aromatic/cyclic

types of non-alipatic hydrocarbon

internal angle of hexagon is greater than preferred angle of triple bonds

why do cyclic alkynes not exist?

Sterically unfavorable

unfavorable due to atoms or groups of atoms within a compound

Aromatic Compounds

compounds that contains Benzene ring

sp2

hybridization of carbons atoms in Benzene

Haloalkane/Organic Hallide

organic compound wiht halogne atom(s)

london dispersion

IMF acting on aliphatic hydrocarbons

dipole-dipole, london dispersion

IMF acting on haloalkanes

Alcohol

functional group that is important for hydration reactions

hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, london dispersion

IMF acting on alcohols

dipole-dipole, london dispersion

IMF acting on ethers

Carbonyl

a functional group that contains a double-bonded oxygen to a carbon

dipole-dipole, london dispersion

IMF acting on carbonyls

ketone has more electron dense atoms

why does keytone have higher IMF than aldehyde?

Functional Group

reactive group of atoms with distinct property and name

hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, london dispersion

IMF acting on carboxylic acid

O=C and HO=C balances out dipoles

why does carboxylic acid have less IMF than alcohol

dipole-dipole, london dispersion

IMF acting on esters

hydrogen bonding(prim., sec.), dipole-dipole, london dispersion

IMF acting on amine and amide

N-H is less polar than O-H

why do amine and amide have less IMF than alcohol

C=O and HN-C balances out dipole

why does amide have less IMF than amine