Chapter 10 World History Vocab

Scientific racism

an organized system of misusing science to promote false scientific beliefs in which dominant racial and ethnic groups are perceived as being superior

Civilizing mission

is a political rationale for military intervention and for colonization purporting to facilitate the Westernization of indigenous peoples, especially in the period from the 15th to the 20th centuries.

Social Darwinism

the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better

Scramble for Africa

the name given to the way in which European countries brought nearly all of the African continent under their control as part of their separate empires.

Indian Rebellion of 1857 - 1858

Massive uprising of much of India against British rule

Congo Free State

a former state in Africa covering much of the territory that comprises the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Cultivation System

system of forced labor used in the Netherlands East Indies in the nineteenth century to grow cash crops to pay taxes

Cash-crop production

an agricultural crop that is purposely made strictly to be sold in a market environment for as much money as possible

Idea of “Tribe”

a notional form of human social organization based on a set of smaller groups (known as bands), having temporary or permanent political integration, and defined by traditions of common descent, language, culture, and ideology

Africanization of Christianity

Process that occurred in non-Muslim Africa, where millions who were converted to Christianity sought to maintain older traditions alongside new Christian ideas

Swami Vivekananda

One of India's most influential religious figures in the nineteenth century

Hinduism

a polytheistic religion that believes in Brahma, the creator god, and his various incarnations including Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi

King Leopold

king of Belgium from 1865 to 1909

Charles Goodyear

American self-taught chemist and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber

Vulcanization

making rubber more durable through the addition of certain chemicals

African Identity

Europeans identified different groups of Africans with different labels

Edward Blyden

father of Pan-Africanism