HSC Quiz 10/07

Community Health

Refers to the field of public health that focuses on protecting and improving the health of people in specific communities or populations.

(schools,churches,prisons,homes,neighborhood clinics)

What efforts do community health make?

Efforts to

Prevent disease

Promote healthy behaviors

Improve access to healthcare services

Address social, economic, and environmental factors affecting health

Key concepts related to community health

Health disparities

Poverty and health

Global health connection

Health disparities

Avoidable differences in health outcomes often linked to social, economic, or environmental disadvantage and rooted in discrimination or marginalization 

Poverty and health

Poverty is a major driver of health disparities, leading to poor access to resources like clean water, food, safe housing, and quality healthcare

Global Health Connection

While community health focuses locally, it connects to global health, as some health issues (pandemics, diseases) transcend national borders and require international cooperation

Positive effects of globalization

Diffusion of ideas

Technologies

Lead to improvements in water, meds, and treatments

Expansion of trade increases standard of living for many

Negative effects of globalization

Increased crowding

Adaptation to unhealthy lifestyles

Faster transmission of infectious disease

Brain drain

Opportunities for nurses in global health: the goal of health for all

Support and deliver primary care

Address the global nursing shortage and nurse migration

Promote global equity through leadership and policy involvement

Engage in international exchanges, conferences, and collabs

Policy

A plan or a course of action, as of a government, political party, or business, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters

Types of policies

Public

Social

Institutional

Organizational

Health- laws to promote the health of citizens

Lillian Wald

Led reform to improved living conditions and form child labor labs- Henry Street Nurses’ Settlement (beginning of public health nursing today)

Margaret Sanger

Worked to change contraception policy

3 greatest areas of concern for health policy

Access, cost, and quality

Health policy issues

ACA or the patient protection and affordable care act

Affordability

Near bottom in infant mortality, injuries and homicides, obesity, heart disease etc

Care transition

a continuous process in which a patients care shifts from being provided in one setting of care to another, such as from a hospital to a patients home or to a skilled nursing facility and sometimes back to the hospital

Care coordination

Has emerged as a central responsibility of all health care professionals and especially nurses- mechanism to make sure the patient gets the right care at the right time in the most efficient and effective way, by the right person in the right setting

Multidisciplinary Clinics at Childrens clinics

bring together a team of specialists to coordinate the special and ancillary services your child may need- all in one visit

True or false: in same day surgery clinics, screening tests and teaching take place upon admission to the clinic

False

In same day surgery clinics, screening tests and teaching take place prior to admission to the clinic

ISBARQ / Handoffs

Introduction, situation, background, assessment, recommendation, and questions and answers. Form of communication between healthcare professionals

True or false: planning for discharge begins when the patient receives discharge orders from the physician in charge of care

False, discharge planning begins when the patient is admitted. goal is to get patient out

AMA

Against Medical advice: when a pt leaves against medical advice. A patient is legally free to leave hospital AMA. Pt must sign a form releasing physician and health care institution from legal responsibility. Pt can be held if danger to themselves, others or in mental hospital etc.

Socioeconomic needs

Employment

Crime/Neighborhood safety

Housing/homelessness

education

food environment

Direct health needs

Behavioral health/Substance abuse

Behavioral health/Mental health

Chronic diseases

Uninsured/underinsured

Dental services

Qualities of community health nurses

Knowledgeable/skilled

Accountable

Independent in making decisions

Roles of community based nurse

Patient and family educator/counselor

Coordinator of services

Patient advocate

Continuity of care

Process by which health care providers give appropriate uninterrupted care and facilitate the patients transition between different settings and levels of care

TeamSTEPPS

an evidence-based teamwork system designed for health care professionals to improve patient safety and improve communication and teamwork skills among health care professionals.

Core competencies for interprofessional collab practice

IPEC core competencies:

Values and ethics

Roles and responsibilities

Communication

Teams and teamwork

Care coordinator

the care provider (nurse case manager, social worker, community health worker, or lay person) who is responsible for identifying a patient’s health goals and coordinating services and providers to meet those goals.

Ambulatory care facility

SAME DAY FACILITY

the patient receives health care services but does not remain overnight. Ambulatory facilities include physician and nurse practitioner offices, clinics, hospital outpatient services, emergency departments (EDs), and same-day surgery centers. The goal of these facilities is to provide health care services to patients who are able to provide self-care at home. People go to ambulatory settings for health promotion, health maintenance, or medical or surgical treatment.

Types of home health care facilities

Official or public

Voluntary or private not for profit facilities

private, proprietary facilities

institution based facilities

Official or public facilities

Type of home health care facility

These facilities are operated by state or local governments and primarily financed by tax funds. Most offer home care and disease-prevention programs in the community.

Voluntary or private not for profit facilities

Type of home health care facility

These facilities are supported by donations, endowments, charities (such as the United Way), and insurance reimbursements. They are governed by a board of directors, usually representing the community they serve.

Private, proprietary facilities

Type of home health care facilities

Most private, proprietary facilities are for-profit organizations governed by individual owners or national corporations. Their services are paid for through health care insurance or individual self-pay.

Institution based facilities

Types of home health care facilities 

These facilities operate under a parent organization, such as a hospital. The home care facility is governed by the institution, and most referrals for care come from within the institution.