Juvenile Institutionalization Flashcards Chapter 10

Flashcards reviewing key concepts from Chapter 10 on Juvenile Institutionalization, covering types of facilities, goals, and legal rights.

What are the two general categories of facilities for youths believed to be dangerous?

Temporary-care facilities and correctional facilities.

What types of facilities are considered temporary-care facilities for juveniles?

Jails, detention centers, and shelters.

What types of facilities are considered long-term correctional facilities for juveniles?

Boot camps, reception and diagnostic centers, ranches/forestry camps, and training schools.

What was one of the primary motivations for reformers to establish houses of refuge?

The commonly agreed sentiment that jails were no place for a juvenile.

What are detention centers also called?

Juvenile halls.

What is the intended purpose of detention centers?

To be temporary holding centers for juveniles.

What is the stated purpose of Attention Homes?

To give juveniles attention rather than detention.

What mandate of the JJDPA increased the number of Shelter Care Facilities?

The requirement that noncriminal youths be placed in such facilities.

What programs emphasize military discipline, physical training, and regimented activity?

Boot camps.

What is the purpose of reception and diagnostic centers?

To determine which treatment plan suits and which training school is the best placement for each adjudicated juvenile.

What is the nature of work done at Ranches and Forestry Camps?

Conservation work in a state park, cutting grass and weeds, cleaning up, and doing general maintenance.

Besides rehabilitation, what is the overall objective for most training schools?

To provide a safe, secure, and humane environment.

What are the three basic rights confined juveniles ought to receive?

The right to treatment, the right not to be treated, and the right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment

What did the court rule in the Illinois case White v. Reid (1954)?

That juveniles could not be held in institutions that did not provide for their rehabilitation.

What did the Pena v. New York State Division for Youth (1976) decision hold?

That the use of isolation, hand restraints, and tranquilizing drugs at Goshen Annex Center was punitive and antitherapeutic and, therefore, violated the Eighth Amendment.

What are the concerning trends in the juvenile detention practices in the US?

Over half the facilities offer no treatment program and an increasing number of detention centers have turned to mechanical restraints and isolation to control their populations.

What is Disproportionate Minority Confinement (DMC)?

DMC represents both racial bias in the system and differences in offending patterns among racial and ethnic groups; minorities are disproportionately confined.

Following the 2002 JJDPA reauthorization, what was disproportionate minority confinement changed to?

Disproportionate minority contact with the system.