Physical Geography - The Lake destrict

When was the Borrowdale Volcanic group formed and where is it found

formed 450 million years ago and is found in the centre

What rock does the borrowdale volcanic group consist of?

Very hard lava ( igneous rock) and ash formed in eruptions

Characteristics of the Borrowdale Volcanic group

Highest mountains such as Helvellyn

When was the Skiddaw group formed and where?

Formed in the North 500 million years ago

What type of rock is the Skiddaw group?

Formed as black muds and sands settling on the sea bed which was raised by tectonic forces

Characteristics of the skiddaw group

Form smooth mountains due to weathering and have many streams that occupy deep gorges

When was the Windermere group formed and where?

Formed in the South 420 million years ago

Characteristics of the Windermere group

Gentler scenery

What type of rock is the Windermere group?

Sedimentary mudstones, sandstones, siltstones and limestones. These rocks were later folded and faulted, pushed up and eroded down

How many glaciations occurred in the Pleistocene period

20

What and when was the Pleistocene period?

The last ice age, where glaciers covered most of the earth. This was 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago

When and was the most recent glaciation in the Lake district?

Loch Lomand stadial 12,8000 to 11,500 years ago

Facts and stats about the Hellvellyn range

Is 600m high and has a 11km long ridge. It lacks more than 2 corries, which leads to a lack of erosion on the back wall. They have valley glaciers due to the corries moving downslope into the valley.

Facts and stats about the Glenridding valley

It was formed as ice from a red tarn flowed into the valley and created a valley glacier in which there was a small trough ( Ullswater). Ice was then channelled out of central of the Lake District to the NE.

Ullswater trough

It forms a typical ribbon lake that is long and narrow. Because of this, its floor is quite irregular due to the prescence of resistant bands of volcanic rock

West side of H range

There is a series of truncated spurs and hanging valleys which were formed as the glacier moved through the trough.

Helvellyn gill

series of small waterfalls on the west side of the H range. Drops 500 m in just over 2km from low moss into Thirlmere

Walla Crag ( West side of H range)

Very truncated spur with some near vertical, bare rock outcrops

South of Kendal Drumlin characteristics

Steep sided and broad, rounded tops. Some have a rock core, and some are pure till

Height of South of Kendal Drumlins

50m to 125m

What direction do the South of Kendal Drumlins show the glacier moving in?

Southward movement of ice

When were the moraines formed?

11,000 years ago

Lateral moraines

Formed on the right bank of Langstrath valley with a distinctive appearance due to a lack of mass movement processes on the valley side

Medial moraines

Formed in the centre of Wythbum valley with moraines deposited during the final retreat of the valley glacier

Recessional moraines

Formed in the Blea Water Tarn with crescentic ridges formed during stationary period

Terminal Moraines

Formed in the Naddle Valley. The original characteristics of the moraines were that they were 10 to 15 m high and 200 to 400m long. However, 1000 years ago, the Naddle Beck cut through it

Erratics

There are a number of erratics from the Borrowdale volcanic group that have been transported 30km southeast and deposited on carboniferous limestone at Witherslack.

Diameter of the largest erratics

3m