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The Coolidge Effect refers to the fact __________________
A sexually fatigued animal will often resume sexual activity if its current partner is replaced with a new one.
An advantage of conducting biopsychological research on nonhuman animals as opposed to humans is that __________________
The brains of nonhumans are simpler
One advantage of studying humans rather than other species in biopsychological research is that humans ______________________
Are often cheaper to obtain as research participants
The human brain is composed of various cells, including those specialized to receive and transmit electrochemical signals, known as ___________________
Neurons
In psychobiology, the usual measure of brain activity is the __________________
EEG (electroencephalogram)
Which statement about the autonomic nervous system is true?
All sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves are 2-stage neuropaths
Which of the thalamic nuclei relays visual information?
Lateral Geniculate
Adhering to the surface of the CNS is the ______________
Pia Mater
Which structure generally acts to conserve the body's energy?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Which part of the neuron is sometimes myelinated?
Axon
Whether a neuron fires is determined by
the net effect of synaptic activity at the receptive area of that neuron (excitatory potentials).
Sodium potassium pumps transport ________________ for every _________________
3 Na+ out of a cell for every 2 K+ into the cell
The end of the rising phase of an action potential ends when the _____________________
Sodium channels open
Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons?
Monoamines
Sodium potassium pumps are ___________________
Transporters
Neurotrophins are ____________________
supplied by neurons by synaptic targets
The course of human cognitive development is thought to reflect the development of the __________________
Prefrontal Cortex
The radial pattern of migration is referred to as __________________
Inside-out
The vast majority of experiential effects on development have been found to occur during __________________________
Critical Periods
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) usually becomes apparent _________________
before the age of 3 years
Biopsychology is the study of the _____________________
Biology of behavior
What distinguishes biopsychology from the other subdisciplines of neuroscience?
It focuses on the study of behavior
The specific division of the nervous system that regulates the body's inner environment is the __________________
Autonomic Nervous system
Biopsychology is a branch or division of ______________
Neuroscience
The principle that precedence should be given to the simplest interpretation of a behavior when more than one interpretation is possible is called _________________.
Morgan's Cannon
Anatomically, the top of a dog's head is ___________________
Dorsal
The subarachnoid space is located just outside the _______________
Pia mater
The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are _________________
meninges
A cut in which anatomical plane would sever all of the cerebral commissures (the tract that connect the left and right hemispheres).
midsagittal
Which structure is part of the limbic system?
Septum
Which passive force acts to encourage Na+ ions to enter resting neurons?
Electrostatic pressure/random motion
Which substance is found in neurons that release norepinephrine?
Dopamine
Conduction of action potentials in myelinated axons ____________________
Are faster than unmyelinated axons
How does the summation of PSPs occur?
Over space and over time
Active conduction is to passive conduction as
APs are to EPSPs
In most adult mammals, substantial neurogenesis occurs in the _____________
Hippocampus
Many new neural tube cells migrate radially
Along radial glial cells
New neurons are continually generated in the ______________________
Subventricular zone of the lateral ventrical
Perservative errors are often made by children between the ages of ______________________
7 and 12 months
After the formation of the neural tube, the number of cells destined to become part of the adult nervous system __________________________.
Increases rapidly
The posture of lordosis in a female rodent indicates that she _____________
Is sexually receptive
Some comparative psychologists study behavior in the laboratory whereas others conduct __________________
Ethological Research
Psychology is defined as the scientific study of _________________
Behavior
Experimental evidence indicates that the brain damage commonly observed in people who consume a lot of alcohol is caused by _______________
Thiamine Deficiency
Morgan's Canon is
An operating principle
The blood brain barrier impedes the passage into cerebral neurons of _____________
Many proteins and other large molecules
The functional cortical area in the telencephalon involved in hearing and language is the __________________________
Superior temporal gyrus (Warnicke's area)
A major limbic tract is the _____________________
Fornix
The corpus callosum is the human brain's largest ____________
Commissure (bundle of nerve fibers)
Which structure is part of the Tegmentum?
periaqueductal gray
substantia nigra
red nucleus
After release, neurotransmitters are deactivated by _________________
Reuptake
Action potentials are said to be all-or-none responses, this means that action potentials ___________________________
Occur fully or not at all
Acetylcholine is created y the addition of acetyl group to _________________
a choline molecule
Neuropeptides are synthesized in the cell body on
ribosomes
Na+ ions are encouraged to move into neurons by ________________
electrostatic pressure
The disruptive effects of total visual deprivation of the left eye on subsequent vision through the left eye are greater when the ___________________________
deprivation happens early in life
Neurotrophins can ________________________
Guide (axon guidance molecules)
How long does one eye have to be deprived of stimulation early in lfie in order to reduce its ability to activate the visual cortex?
A few days
The neural crest is _____________
Dorsal to the neural tube (the top)
Tinnitus in adults _______________
leads to a reorganization of the primary visual cortex
The science of biopsychology as it is practiced today emerged as a discipline around the ___________________
1940's
The first prefrontal lobotomy performed on a human was _______________________
Performed by Almeida Lima
All of the following are major divisions of biopsychology with the exception of ________________________
Clinical Psychology
The division of biopsychology that studies the neural mechanisms of behavior through the direct manipulation of the brains of laboratory animals in controlled experiments is ______________________________
Physiological Psychology
The primary symptom of Karsakoff's Syndrome is _____________________________
Severe Memory Loss
The CNS is composed of 2 divisions _______________________
The brain and spinal cord
Most of a neurons DNA is contained in its ____________________
Nucleus
The myelencephalon is ________________________
The medulla
The largest cerebral commissure is the ____________________________
Corpus Callosum
PNS is to CNS as Schwann Cells are to _____________________
Oligodendrocytes
Outside the membranes of resting neurons, there are many more _________________ compared to inside the membranes
Na+ Ions
EPSPs are ____________________
graded responses.
postsynaptic responses.
transmitted decrementally.
depolarizations.
In comparison to metabotropic receptors, ionotropic receptors produce effects that ________________________
Are less diffuse
Which substance is synthesized directly from tyrosine?
L-dopa
A neuron normally fires when ____________________
The degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation
Neuron Death _____________________
is a part of normal early neural development
What is the current consensus regarding the patterns of proliferation and migration of cortical cells?
Different for different areas of the cortex
Children diagnosed with ASD are also likely to display _______________________
Intellectual Disabilities
The neural plate develops directly into the _________________
Dorsal surface of the embryo
Dendritic branching during postnatal development follow a(n) _____________________ pattern similar to that of neural migration during prenatal development
Inside out