Brain and Behavior PSY 230

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80 Terms

1
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The Coolidge Effect refers to the fact __________________

A sexually fatigued animal will often resume sexual activity if its current partner is replaced with a new one.

2
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An advantage of conducting biopsychological research on nonhuman animals as opposed to humans is that __________________

The brains of nonhumans are simpler

3
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One advantage of studying humans rather than other species in biopsychological research is that humans ______________________

Are often cheaper to obtain as research participants

4
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The human brain is composed of various cells, including those specialized to receive and transmit electrochemical signals, known as ___________________

Neurons

5
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In psychobiology, the usual measure of brain activity is the __________________

EEG (electroencephalogram)

6
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Which statement about the autonomic nervous system is true?

All sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves are 2-stage neuropaths

7
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Which of the thalamic nuclei relays visual information?

Lateral Geniculate

8
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Adhering to the surface of the CNS is the ______________

Pia Mater

9
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Which structure generally acts to conserve the body's energy?

Parasympathetic Nervous System

10
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Which part of the neuron is sometimes myelinated?

Axon

11
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Whether a neuron fires is determined by

the net effect of synaptic activity at the receptive area of that neuron (excitatory potentials).

12
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Sodium potassium pumps transport ________________ for every _________________

3 Na+ out of a cell for every 2 K+ into the cell

13
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The end of the rising phase of an action potential ends when the _____________________

Sodium channels open

14
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Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons?

Monoamines

15
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Sodium potassium pumps are ___________________

Transporters

16
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Neurotrophins are ____________________

supplied by neurons by synaptic targets

17
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The course of human cognitive development is thought to reflect the development of the __________________

Prefrontal Cortex

18
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The radial pattern of migration is referred to as __________________

Inside-out

19
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The vast majority of experiential effects on development have been found to occur during __________________________

Critical Periods

20
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) usually becomes apparent _________________

before the age of 3 years

21
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Biopsychology is the study of the _____________________

Biology of behavior

22
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What distinguishes biopsychology from the other subdisciplines of neuroscience?

It focuses on the study of behavior

23
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The specific division of the nervous system that regulates the body's inner environment is the __________________

Autonomic Nervous system

24
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Biopsychology is a branch or division of ______________

Neuroscience

25
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The principle that precedence should be given to the simplest interpretation of a behavior when more than one interpretation is possible is called _________________.

Morgan's Cannon

26
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Anatomically, the top of a dog's head is ___________________

Dorsal

27
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The subarachnoid space is located just outside the _______________

Pia mater

28
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The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are _________________

meninges

29
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A cut in which anatomical plane would sever all of the cerebral commissures (the tract that connect the left and right hemispheres).

midsagittal

30
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Which structure is part of the limbic system?

Septum

31
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Which passive force acts to encourage Na+ ions to enter resting neurons?

Electrostatic pressure/random motion

32
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Which substance is found in neurons that release norepinephrine?

Dopamine

33
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Conduction of action potentials in myelinated axons ____________________

Are faster than unmyelinated axons

34
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How does the summation of PSPs occur?

Over space and over time

35
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Active conduction is to passive conduction as

APs are to EPSPs

36
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In most adult mammals, substantial neurogenesis occurs in the _____________

Hippocampus

37
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Many new neural tube cells migrate radially

Along radial glial cells

38
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New neurons are continually generated in the ______________________

Subventricular zone of the lateral ventrical

39
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Perservative errors are often made by children between the ages of ______________________

7 and 12 months

40
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After the formation of the neural tube, the number of cells destined to become part of the adult nervous system __________________________.

Increases rapidly

41
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The posture of lordosis in a female rodent indicates that she _____________

Is sexually receptive

42
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Some comparative psychologists study behavior in the laboratory whereas others conduct __________________

Ethological Research

43
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Psychology is defined as the scientific study of _________________

Behavior

44
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Experimental evidence indicates that the brain damage commonly observed in people who consume a lot of alcohol is caused by _______________

Thiamine Deficiency

45
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Morgan's Canon is

An operating principle

46
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The blood brain barrier impedes the passage into cerebral neurons of _____________

Many proteins and other large molecules

47
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The functional cortical area in the telencephalon involved in hearing and language is the __________________________

Superior temporal gyrus (Warnicke's area)

48
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A major limbic tract is the _____________________

Fornix

49
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The corpus callosum is the human brain's largest ____________

Commissure (bundle of nerve fibers)

50
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Which structure is part of the Tegmentum?

periaqueductal gray

substantia nigra

red nucleus

51
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After release, neurotransmitters are deactivated by _________________

Reuptake

52
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Action potentials are said to be all-or-none responses, this means that action potentials ___________________________

Occur fully or not at all

53
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Acetylcholine is created y the addition of acetyl group to _________________

a choline molecule

54
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Neuropeptides are synthesized in the cell body on

ribosomes

55
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Na+ ions are encouraged to move into neurons by ________________

electrostatic pressure

56
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The disruptive effects of total visual deprivation of the left eye on subsequent vision through the left eye are greater when the ___________________________

deprivation happens early in life

57
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Neurotrophins can ________________________

Guide (axon guidance molecules)

58
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How long does one eye have to be deprived of stimulation early in lfie in order to reduce its ability to activate the visual cortex?

A few days

59
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The neural crest is _____________

Dorsal to the neural tube (the top)

60
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Tinnitus in adults _______________

leads to a reorganization of the primary visual cortex

61
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The science of biopsychology as it is practiced today emerged as a discipline around the ___________________

1940's

62
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The first prefrontal lobotomy performed on a human was _______________________

Performed by Almeida Lima

63
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All of the following are major divisions of biopsychology with the exception of ________________________

Clinical Psychology

64
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The division of biopsychology that studies the neural mechanisms of behavior through the direct manipulation of the brains of laboratory animals in controlled experiments is ______________________________

Physiological Psychology

65
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The primary symptom of Karsakoff's Syndrome is _____________________________

Severe Memory Loss

66
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The CNS is composed of 2 divisions _______________________

The brain and spinal cord

67
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Most of a neurons DNA is contained in its ____________________

Nucleus

68
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The myelencephalon is ________________________

The medulla

69
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The largest cerebral commissure is the ____________________________

Corpus Callosum

70
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PNS is to CNS as Schwann Cells are to _____________________

Oligodendrocytes

71
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Outside the membranes of resting neurons, there are many more _________________ compared to inside the membranes

Na+ Ions

72
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EPSPs are ____________________

graded responses.

postsynaptic responses.

transmitted decrementally.

depolarizations.

73
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In comparison to metabotropic receptors, ionotropic receptors produce effects that ________________________

Are less diffuse

74
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Which substance is synthesized directly from tyrosine?

L-dopa

75
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A neuron normally fires when ____________________

The degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation

76
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Neuron Death _____________________

is a part of normal early neural development

77
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What is the current consensus regarding the patterns of proliferation and migration of cortical cells?

Different for different areas of the cortex

78
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Children diagnosed with ASD are also likely to display _______________________

Intellectual Disabilities

79
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The neural plate develops directly into the _________________

Dorsal surface of the embryo

80
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Dendritic branching during postnatal development follow a(n) _____________________ pattern similar to that of neural migration during prenatal development

Inside out