AP World 1.1 + 1.2

The Dynasties In Order for East Asia

Shang Dynasty—> oldest

Zhou Dynasty

Qin Dynasty

Han Dynasty

Sui Dynasty

Tang Dynasty

Song Dynasty

Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty 

Qing Dynasty 

Republic 

People’s Republic of China—> most recent

Contextualization

Sui Dynasty—> Built the Grand Canal, economic growth, and cultural exchanges

Tang Dynasty—> Champa Rice + Civil Service Exam

Interaction with Nomadic Group—> tribute system to pay or provide goods 

Golden Age—> Han Dynasty + Tang-Song Dynasty 

Religions

Confucanism: Filial Peity + focused on education 

Daoism: emphasized on harmony with nature and self reflection + spiritual

Neoconfuciansm: blending of conuficianm, buddhism, and daoism

Buddhism: Theravada—> spirtiual growth, discipline, meditation, Mahayana—> service + spiritual growth, strongest in China/Korea, and Tibetan—> chanting

Zen Buddhism: syncretic, blended with Daoism, direct experience and meditation

Social Aspects

Scholar Gentry: highest class that was created because of the expansion of bureaucracy

Women: foot binding

Confucianism: filial peity, Superior--Inferior Relationships, education, kowtow

Political Aspects

Tribute System: tributes to emperor—> kowtow

Taxes + tax system and workers on public projects

Bueaucracy: administration with hierarchy and fixed rules

Meritocracy + Civil Service Exam 

Interaction with Environment 

Grand Canal—> system of waterways for transportaiton of culture + goods 

Champa Rice—> led to population growth + surplus to trade (rice that could grow anywhere)

Economic

Proto-industrialization: cotton industry system, traditional methods, but soon led to commercialization

Grand Canal 

Artisans: porcelain, silk, iron + steel—> led to trade because demand in items 

Paper money 

Junk ships—> ships with lots of cargo 

Technological

gunpowder

Paper 

woodblock printing 

magnetic compass 

Chinese influence on Japan

Heian Period: emulated Chinese traditions in art, literature, politics —> Tale of the Genji

Japanese Feudalism: decentralized system, hierachical—> Shogun, daiyamo, bushido 

Selective Borrowing: because of geography Japan has more ability to control interactions + Buddhism and Confucianism emphasized

Chinese influence on Korea

Direct relationship: geographical boundary is shared

Aristocracy: Korea had more powerful landed aristocracy, no meritocracy 

Similarities: close contact leads to emulation, adopted confucian and buddhist teachings/beliefs 

Chinese influence on Vietnam

Gender: women enjoyed greater independence, higher social standing, and rejected polygyny and foot binding

Violent Rebellions: vietnamese rebels pushed back against a weakneded crumblinb Tang Dynasty in China, guerilla warfare (surprise attack) 

Social Structures: merit-based bureaucracy owed loyalty to the village peasants, nuclear families

Dar al Islam

House of Islam

Contexualization: Islam

Founder: Muhammed

Origin: Saudi Arabia 

Abrahamic religion 

5 Pillars:  Monothiesm, pray 5x a day towards mecca, fasting during Ramadan, pilgramage to mecca once in life, almsgiving-charity 

Trade + Commerce

Abbasid Caliphate controlled the trade routes

Muhammed was a merchant and when he died, it encouraged followers to searchfro knowledge—> learned and experienced cultural diffusion (spreading Islam) 

Egyptian Mamluks

Originaly turkic slaves purchased to serve as soldiers + beuraucrats

seized control of government 

facilitated trade in cotton + sugar 

A link between Islamic world + Europe

Portugese dominantion had ended their power 

Seljuk Turks

Turkish rather than Arab/Persian

Conquered a large empire 

Called their leader sultan rather than caliph

The Crusades

Abbasids allowed Christians + Jews to pilgrim in Jerusalem

Seljuk Turks stopped this travel 

European Christians organized groups of soldiers to attempt to reopen access

holy wars—> not successful and conquere Jerusalem multiple times 

Outputs: increased trade, new products ideas, intolerance of religion 

The Mongols

pastoral nomaidc tribe in Asia

conquered Seljuk Turks and tried to conquer Mamluks 

practiced biological warfare 

House of Wisdom

center of learning in Baghdad

helped transfer knowledge throughout Afro-Eurasia

trade patterns shifted north + baghdad began to decline in wealth—> fell into decay 

Islam Preservatives

• translated greek literature into Arabic (preserve Greek)

• sutdied math from India and transfered it to Europe (1,2,3)

• Adopted paper making from China and spread it to Europe

Islamic Art + Architecture

• does not depict human figure + faces 

• instead other elements are used 

• calligraphy + arabesque and pointed arches 

Nasir al-Din al Tusi

• Celebrated islamic scholar 

• lots of medical care 

• observatory 

• came up with trig 

The Sufi

• Muslim missionaries that emphasized learning, growth, function 

• moving + adapted each culture —> each move adds to hybrid practices of Islam 

Slavery in Islam 

Islam prohibited enslavement of Muslims—> increased in conversion 

enslaved women (concubine) had day-to-day freedom—> not as apparent 

Al-Andalus

• Islam reaches Spain (700 years) 

• Battle of Toors kept Muslims out of France 

• Kadoba, city of art, learning, toleration 

• Rushed on law, philosophy, science 

• later influenced Christian philosophers 

• this interaction laid the groundwork for Renaissance—> still preserved